Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Essay

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Essay

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Essay

Mental health disorders are one of the most disabling conditions, hence a serious need to treat and manage them. One of the most common strategies for treating and managing the condition is the use of psychotropic medications, even though a considerable number of these medications have not been approved by the food and drug association to be used in children and adolescents (Stroup & Gray, 2018). In treating and managing children and adolescents with mental health disorders, it is important for a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner to be aware of the medications to ensure that the actions are safe. The implication is that the nurses have to use research from formal studies as well as extrapolation and treatment guidelines to come up with an appropriate strategy. Therefore, the purpose of this assignment is to recommend one FDA-approved drug, one off-label drug, and a non-pharmacological intervention for treating Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. Again, other aspects will be discussed, such as risk assessment to use for informing treatment and clinical practice guidelines that exist for this condition.

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FDA-approved, Off-Label Drug, and Nonpharmacological Intervention

            Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological are used in treating disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Even though there is no official drug has been approved by FDA to treat the condition, atypical antipsychotics like risperidone and aripiprazole have been approved by the FDA to be applied in the treatment of various symptoms such as irritability, anger outburst, and aggression (Huang, 2021).

            One of the non-FDA-approved medications commonly used in treating Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder is methylphenidate, a stimulant. The medication is majorly used to lower irritability (Winters et al., 2018). Even though this medication is used, it is controlled since they possess the risk of addiction and abuse.

            Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder can also be managed using the non-pharmacological intervention. One of such interventions is cognitive-behavioral therapy. This is one of the psychotherapy strategies used in teaching children and adolescents to manage their feelings and thoughts connected to feeling anxious or depressed.

Risk Assessment to Inform Treatment

            At present, there are no gold standards for assessing Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder in order to inform treatment. Therefore, in most cases, individuals use rating scales applied to measuring tantrums and irritability, which usually deal with the frequency of the happenings and emphasize less on the severity. Therefore, to inform treatment strategy, I would look at measures such as temper outbursts and qualitative descriptions such as intensity, duration, and triggers.

Risks and Benefits

            The use of risperidone has various benefits, such as helping the patient control irritability, anger outburst, and aggression hence better outcomes. On the other hand, the medication has a risk of suicidal behaviors and thoughts, sedation, considerable weight gain, and metabolic and hormonal changes (Huang, 2021). Methylphenidate, though not approved by the FDA, has potential benefits such as a significant reduction of irritability among the patients (Winters et al., 2018). However, various risks exist, too, including an enhanced risk of heart problems. There is also a high risk of abuse of this medication.

Clinical Guidelines

            The issue of clinical guidelines as far as Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder is concerned is still complex. Current guidelines indicate that children who meet the criteria for the intermittent explosive disorder, ODD or Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder be diagnosed with DMDD (Mürner-Lavanchy et al., 2021). There is no standardized screening; therefore, a standard tool needs to be developed, and irritability should be part of it.

Conclusion

Most psychotic medications used in treating most mental health issues are not FDA approved. However, many of them have shown efficacy in treating these conditions. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have been used in treating and managing Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. It is important for a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner to be aware of the existing strategies, potential benefits, and risks.

References

Huang, C. (2021, December). Review of Treatment of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. In 2021 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2021) (pp. 40-47). Atlantis Press. https://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211220.008.

Mürner-Lavanchy, I., Kaess, M., & Koenig, J. (2021). Diagnostic instruments for the assessment of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: a systematic review of the literature. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01840-4

Stroup, T. S., & Gray, N. (2018). Management of common adverse effects of antipsychotic medications. World Psychiatry, 17(3), 341-356. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20567

Winters, D. E., Fukui, S., Leibenluft, E., & Hulvershorn, L. A. (2018). Improvements in irritability with open-label methylphenidate treatment in youth with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 28(5), 298-305. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2017.0124

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Psychotropic drugs are commonly used for children and adolescents to treat mental health disorders, yet many of these drugs are not FDA approved for use in these populations. Thus, their use is considered “off-label,” and it is often up to the best judgment of the prescribing clinician. As a PMHNP, you will need to apply the best available information and research on pharmacological treatments for children in order to safely and effectively treat child and adolescent patients. Sometimes this will come in the form of formal studies and approvals for drugs in children. Other times you may need to extrapolate from research or treatment guidelines on drugs in adults. Each individual patient case will need to be considered independently and each treatment considered from a risk assessment standpoint. What psychotherapeutic approach might be indicated as an initial treatment? What are the potential side effects of a particular drug?

For this Assignment, you consider these questions and others as you explore FDA-approved (“on label”) pharmacological treatments, non-FDA-approved (“off-label”) pharmacological treatments, and nonpharmacological treatments for disorders in children and adolescents.

To Prepare
Your Instructor will assign a specific disorder for you to research for this Assignment. (Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder)
Research evidence-based treatments for your assigned disorder in children and adolescents. You will need to recommend one FDA-approved drug, one off-label drug, and one nonpharmacological intervention for treating this disorder in children and adolescents.
The Assignment (1–2 pages)
Recommend one FDA-approved drug, one off-label drug, and one nonpharmacological intervention for treating your assigned disorder in children and adolescents.
Explain the risk assessment you would use to inform your treatment decision making. What are the risks and benefits of the FDA-approved medicine? What are the risks and benefits of the off-label drug?
Explain whether clinical practice guidelines exist for this disorder and, if so, use them to justify your recommendations. If not, explain what information you would need to take into consideration.
Support your reasoning with at least three scholarly resources, one each on the FDA-approved drug, the off-label, and a non-medication intervention for the disorder.

***ASSIGNED DISORDER IS Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder