NR 503 Week 2 Assignment: Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper – Osteoporosis Essay

Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper on Osteoporosis
As an example, you may be asked to identify populations at risk for oral health issues or, for instance, issues related to the frail living at home, and design a population health focused educational intervention for your target population.
In addition, you will look at what outcomes will be addressed to determine if your interventions are effective. This paper should integrate HP2020 and CDC information into your paper.
Activity Learning Outcomes
Through this assignment, the student will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Identify appropriate outcome measures and study designs applicable to epidemiological sub-fields such as infectious disease, chronic disease, environmental exposures, reproductive health, and genetics. (CO3)
2. Identify important sources of epidemiological data. (CO6)
Requirements

BUY A CUSTOM PAPER HERE ON; NR 503 Week 2 Assignment: Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper – Osteoporosis Essay

1. Research Topic: Osteoporosis

2. Identify your target population (for instance, age or other demographic, aggregate population); this must be in your city or state.
3. Discuss population-based health education interventions for your target population that is aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality for the problem. Be sure to review the research literature and HP2020 for interventions.
4. Identify how and what data for interventions is being tracked.
5. In a four (4) page paper, address the following. Refer to rubric for expanded details related to grading expectations.
o Identify the problem in the introduction section.
o Provide an overview of the problem in your state/national.
o Review of descriptive epidemiological and demographic data on mortality/morbidity and risk.
o HP2020: Present the goal, overview and objectives of Healthy People 2020 for the paper topic.
o Population level prevention and health promotion review. Describe population and/or primary health care focused interventions. Use of scholarly literature and HP2020 is required. There should be direct correlation to evidence for all strategies.

Best Practices in Preparing the Project
1. Review directions and rubric through carefully.
2. Follow submission requirements.
3. Make sure all elements on the grading rubric are included. Organize the paper using the rubric sections and appropriate headings to match the sections.
4. Rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation are followed and consistent with formal, scientific writing.
5. Title page, running head, body of paper, and reference page must follow APA guidelines as found in the current edition of the manual. This includes the use of headings for each section of the paper except for the introduction where no heading is used.
6. Ideas and information that come from scholarly literature must be cited and referenced correctly.
7. A minimum of three (3) scholarly literature references must be used. Not all references should be from scholarly web sites. You may use your textbook, but this will not count towards the three (3) scholarly literature references.
8. Length: Papers not adhering to the page length may be returned to you for editing to meet the length guidelines.
9. Adhere to the Chamberlain College of Nursing academic policy on integrity as it pertains to the submission of your own original work for assignments.
10. NR503_HP2020_Sept19

NR 503 Week 2 Assignment: Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper Osteoporosis Sample

 Osteoporosis is a chronic bone condition resulting from calcium loss in bones. The problem results from three main etiologies: decreased intake of calcium and potassium minerals, malabsorption of calcium, or hormonal imbalances. Osteoporosis can occur in anyone but is most prevalent in older adults and postmenopausal women. The condition affects the safety of these individuals, especially at home. Osteoporosis in weak older adults is a leading cause of bone trauma such as fractures and falls because the weak musculoskeletal structure cannot bear much weight and easily paves in. It also affects the quality of life because movement becomes a problem and painful. Osteoporosis in children can lead to rickets due to the brittle bones’ porousness and inability to bear weight. This essay evaluates osteoporosis, epidemiology, healthy People 2020 objectives, and population-level interventions to prevent the problem.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE ON; NR 503 Week 2 Assignment: Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper – Osteoporosis Essay

Osteoporosis Demographic and Epidemiologic Data

Osteoporosis is a global problem with an increasing burden, especially in the older population. An estimated 200 million individuals are osteoporotic globally (Salari et al., 2021). In the US, about 10 million individuals above 50 have osteoporosis; only about 2 million of these are men (CDC, 2021). Post-menopause is the most vulnerable stage due to hormonal imbalances affecting the absorption and retention of calcium in bones. About 46 million women and 16 million men have a low bone mass, exposing them to osteoporosis and fragility problems such as rickets, translating to about 54% of the older population (CDC, 2021).  Osteoporosis in the younger population results from other pathologies affecting mineral absorption, such as calcium and phosphorous. Osteoporosis increases the risk of falls and fractures, especially hip fractures.

Osteoporosis is associated with higher, more severe hip fractures with higher mortality rates. Some morbidities are related to decreased bone density or calcium deficiency leading to complications in other systems such as respiratory systems (pneumonia due to cilia activity) (Kim et al., 2019). Huang et al. (2021) note that osteoporosis is complicated by diabetes, and the age-adjusted mortality rate of osteoporosis-associated diabetes was 3.1 persons in 1000000. The most common complications are fractures, and osteoporosis leads to over 8 million fractures annually globally. Other complications of osteoporosis include lost height, back pain (a leading cause of healthcare services access), hunched posture, and mobility difficulties (Clynes et al., 2020).

Healthy People 2020 and Healthy people 2030 Osteoporosis Objectives

The healthy people 2020 goal for osteoporosis was to reduce the prevalence of adults above 50 years with osteoporosis to 5.3% (Healthy People, 2020). The intention is to ensure individuals have knowledge and access to resources that will help them prevent osteoporosis and aid in its management from preventing complications. The updated Healthy People 2030 osteoporosis goal is to prevent fractures and disabilities related to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is more prevalent in older women, but older men suffer more severe consequences, primarily due to their involvement in strenuous activities, exposing them to fractures. Osteoporosis has no cure, but FDA-approved drugs can help increase bone strength and prevent fractures. Healthy People 2030 (n.d.) states that early screening and physical activity are essential strategies for improving bone strength and preventing osteoporosis development and subsequent fractures. The Healthy People 2030 objectives are to increase the number of individuals who access osteoporosis treatment after fractures, reduce hip fractures among adults, reduce osteoporosis prevalence, and increase the proportion of adults screened for osteoporosis (Healthy people 2030, n.d.).

Population Level Prevention and Health Promotion Review

Understanding a disease’s mortality and morbidity and the population of interest helps the government, healthcare providers, and other responsible bodies and professionals implement interventions to manage them. The first intervention is osteoporosis screening. Screening for osteoporosis is essential as it helps determine affected and t risk individuals. People with lower bone density can get the assistance they need to prevent the development of osteoporosis (Leslie & Crandall, 2019). Screening by DEXA scanning the spine, skull, and peripheral bone help determine the bone density and the level of calcium and other minerals to promote health by ensuring individuals intervene to improve bone density. The intervention features in the USPSTF recommendations for reducing osteoporosis prevalence and its effects on the population.

According to Leslie and  Crandall (2019), patient screening improves government and individual efforts to reduce the prevalence and effects of osteoporosis in the population. The USPSTF recommends that older women between menopause and 65 years undergo osteoporosis screening because the risk is highest in the perimenopause period. Lane et al. (2018) note that screening reduces the prevalence of hip fractures secondary to osteoporosis. The intervention is critical because the problem develops without signs or symptoms until complications arise. Most individuals do not know they have the condition until complications arise, and thus screening is an integral strategy to improve diagnosis and management

Exercise and a healthy diet is an integral strategy that prevents osteoporosis, increases bone density, and reduces the incidence of osteoporosis-related bone fractures. Taking foods rich in calcium, such as daily productivity, and doing exercises such as running, jogging, and bike riding improve bone and muscle strength, thus reducing the effects of osteoporosis (Ahn & Oh, 2019). Taking foods rich in calcium and active exercises throughout the lifespan reduces the risk for osteoporosis. Individuals who begin these practices earlier have a significantly lower risk for osteoporosis ad severe complications such as a hip fracture.

Community education is vital for the management of osteoporosis prevention and management. It is the basis for all the other strategies mentioned because it is the best method in which individuals will understand the role of exercises, screening, and treatment for osteoporosis after hip fractures. Community education can be implemented using various interventions such as social media advertisements, utilization of community resources, and education at the point of care (Suciana & Rusmingsih, 2019). Educating individuals on the need for osteoporosis treatment after osteoporosis-associated hip fractures can increase the achievement of that objective, reducing the severe complications of osteoporosis. Community-level education can help understand the need for screening after menopause because individuals hardly seek care when they perceive no threat or benefit to their health (Suciana & Rusmingsih, 2019). Educated communities have better health-seeking behaviors and utilize their knowledge to improve the quality of their lives.

Conclusion

Osteoporosis is a global ‘silent’ problem that is more prevalent among older adults. The most prevalent risk factor is hormonal changes favoring calcium loss from bones. Osteoporosis can affect individuals of all ages due to maladaptive problems that affect these patients. Healthy People 2020 and Healthy People 2030 objectives guide interventions that increase awareness and promote preventive efforts. These objectives aim to reduce the prevalence of osteoporosis and hip fractures, increase access to osteoporosis resources, and increase screening for older adults. These interventions, backed up by research, will help improve the population’s health and enhance their quality of life.

References

Ahn, S., & Oh, J. (2021). Effects of a health-belief-model-based osteoporosis-and fall-prevention program on women at early old age. Applied Nursing Research, 59, 151430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151430

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), (2021). Osteoporosis. National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/osteoporosis.htm

Clynes, M. A., Harvey, N. C., Curtis, E. M., Fuggle, N. R., Dennison, E. M., & Cooper, C. (2020). The epidemiology of osteoporosis. British Medical Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldaa005

Healthy People 2020, (n.d.). Arthritis, Osteoporosis, and Chronic Back Conditions. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/Arthritis-Osteoporosis-and-Chronic-Back-Conditions/national-snapshot

Healthy People 2030, (n.d.). Osteoporosis. Retrieved from  https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/osteoporosis

Huang, J. F., Wu, Q. N., Zheng, X. Q., Sun, X. L., Wu, C. Y., Wang, X. B., Wu, C, S., Wang, B., Wang, X. Y., Bergman, M., & Wu, A. M. (2020). The characteristics and mortality of osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, or rheumatoid arthritis in the diabetes population: a Retrospective Study. International Journal Of Endocrinology, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821978

Kim, B., Kim, J., Jo, Y. H., Kang, S. H., Lee, Y. J., Lee, J. H., Hwang, J. E., Park, M. J., & Lee, S. (2018). Risk of pneumonia after vertebral compression fracture in women with low bone density: a population-based study. Spine, 43(14), E830-E835. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000002536

Lane, J. C., Roberts, J. V., Pita, R., Awan, L., Nix, K., & Weller, T. (2018). Does osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women prevent fractures? Evidence-Based Practice, 21(5), E20. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.EBP.0000545143.14425.53 

Leslie, W. D., & Crandall, C. J. (2019). Population-based osteoporosis primary prevention and screening for quality of care in osteoporosis, current osteoporosis reports. Current Osteoporosis Reports, 17(6), 483-490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-019-00542-w

Salari, N., Ghasemi, H., Mohammadi, L., Rabieenia, E., Shohaimi, S., & Mohammadi, M. (2021). The global prevalence of osteoporosis in the world: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopedic Surgery And Research, 16(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02772-0

Suciana, F., & Rusmingsih, E. (2019, July). Effect of Health Education using Audiovisual on Knowledge of Osteoporosis Prevention in Elderly. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1179(1), p. 012141. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1179/1/012141