NUR 550 Topic 7 DQ 1 & 2 Discussion: Translational Research & Population Health Management

NUR 550 Topic 7 DQ 1 & 2 Discussion: Translational Research & Population Health Management

NUR 550 Topic 7 DQ 1 & 2 Discussion: Translational Research & Population Health Management

Topic 7 DQ 1

Assessment Description

Identify two major policy issues that affect the current state of health care delivery and population health equity in the United States (may be state or federal). What impact do these population health policies and initiatives have on advanced nursing practice?

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Topic 7 DQ 2

Assessment Description

Select an effective current health policy that focuses on or affects population health. What components of this policy make it effective? Conduct research on its history and the factors that influenced its development.

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DQ 1: Major Policy Issues

Irrespective of where people live, socioeconomic conditions, and education, optimal health and well-being should be their right. However, many issues affect health care delivery and increase health inequities. Two major policy issues that affect health care delivery and population health equity are poor access to care and variances in the scope of practice across states. Typically, the access to care problem is multifaceted since provider shortages, high health care costs, implicit bias, and long distances to health care facilities determine when and where people receive health care services (Labban et al., 2023; Lopes et al., 2023). Indeed, these issues widen health disparities and have been at the center of policymaking for a long time. On the other hand, the scope of practice determines the availability of care depending on the authority given to nurses to treat patients and prescribe medications. Nursing research shows that states with full practice authority have a higher prevalence of nurse practitioners, particularly in rural areas (DePriest et al., 2020). The situation differs in reduced and restricted practice states where nurse practitioners are supervised or collaborate with a physician. Addressing these issues through policies and appropriate initiatives is vital for governments and health care providers to reduce health disparities across populations.

Population health policies and initiatives centered on addressing access to health problems and scope of authority differences have profound implications on advanced nursing practice. For instance, they require advanced practice nurses to actively participate in policymaking and advocacy to improve care delivery and equity. Such policies also prompt advanced nursing practice nurses to play a pivotal role as change agents in organizations and communities to address barriers to health, including access problems, inequities, and discrimination. As change agents, nurses identify population health problems and implement positive, innovative changes (Cusson et al., 2020). Importantly, nurse practitioners should readily embrace interventions, frameworks, and care delivery models that reduce health care disparities. Achieving this goal requires nurses to integrate a global perspective on health into their routine practice.

References

Cusson, R. M., Meehan, C., Bourgault, A., & Kelley, T. (2020). Educating the next generation of nurses to be innovators and change agents. Journal of Professional Nursing, 36(2), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2019.07.004

DePriest, K., D’Aoust, R., Samuel, L., Commodore-Mensah, Y., Hanson, G., & Slade, E. P. (2020). Nurse practitioners’ workforce outcomes under implementation of full practice authority. Nursing Outlook, 68(4), 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.05.008

Labban, M., Chen, C. R., Frego, N., Nguyen, D. D., Lipsitz, S. R., Reich, A. J., … & Trinh, Q. D. (2023). Disparities in travel-related barriers to accessing health care from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey. JAMA Network Open, 6(7), e2325291-e2325291.  doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.25291

Lopes, L., Presiado, M., & Hamel, L. (2023). Americans’ challenges with health care costs. KFF. https://www.kff.org/health-costs/issue-brief/americans-challenges-with-health-care-costs/

DQ 2: Health Policy Focusing on Population Health

Population health necessitates a holistic approach due to its multidimensional nature. Health policies are among the interventions that governments and care providers use to address issues affecting population health. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is among the dominant policies implemented to improve population health. Its design, implementation, and sustainability measures depict the government’s commitment to ensuring equitable and affordable health care. Multiple components make the ACA effective. One of its key components is a multidimensional approach to population health. Since its implementation, the ACA has expanded health coverage to over 20 million Americans while saving many lives (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2024). This effectiveness is enabled by its multiple approaches that go beyond coverage. For instance, the Prevention and Public Health Fund was created through the ACA, empowering state agencies to detect and respond to health threats (Rapfogel et al., 2020). The policy also protects people with preexisting conditions from discrimination when seeking health insurance. The holistic approach has improved the population’s health in critical aspects, such as insurance coverage, access to care, disease detection, and support to vulnerable groups.

The ACA has a rich history, which helps care providers understand its genesis, scope, and factors influencing its development. According to Ercia (2021), the ACA was implemented in 2010 as a national health care reform to improve health insurance coverage and address access to care problems in the United States. To achieve these goals, the ACA expanded the Medicaid program, established the Health Insurance Marketplace, and enforced an individual mandate for all eligible people to have appropriate health insurance coverage. Based on these goals, it is right to deduce that expanding insurance coverage and access to care were the main factors behind the ACA implementation. Fortunately, the law has been successful and continuous support is necessary to ensure long-term success.

References

Ercia, A. (2021). The impact of the Affordable Care Act on patient coverage and access to care: Perspectives from FQHC administrators in Arizona, California and Texas. BMC Health Services Research, 21, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06961-9

Rapfogel, N., Gee, E., & Calsyn, M. (2020). 10 ways the ACA has improved health care in the past decade. Center for American Progress. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/10-ways-aca-improved-health-care-past-decade/

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2024). Under the Biden-Harris Administration, over 20 million selected affordable health coverage in ACA Marketplace since start of open enrollment period, a record high. https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2024/01/10/under-biden-harris-administration-over-20-million-selected-affordable-health-coverage-aca-marketplace-start-open-enrollment-period-record-high.html#:~:text=Under%20the%20Biden%2DHarris%20Administration%2C%20the%20U.S.%20Department%20of%20Health,a%20record%20number%20of%20enrollments.