Assignment: Research Critique Guidelines – Part I

Assignment: Research Critique Guidelines – Part I

Assignment: Research Critique Guidelines – Part I

For this assignment, use the nursing practice problem and two qualitative peer-reviewed research articles you identified in Topic 1 (or two new articles based on instructor feedback in Topic 1). In a 1,000-1,250-word essay, summarize two qualitative studies.

Use the “Research Critique Guidelines – Part I” document to organize your essay.

You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

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Research Critique Guidelines – Part I

Qualitative Studies

Introduction

            The selected nursing practice problem is the high prevalence of pressure ulcers (PU) among older adults in healthcare facilities, including nursing homes and hospitals. According to Grešš Halász et al. (2021), the incidence and prevalence of pressure ulcers range from 7 to 71.6% and 8.8 – 53.2%, respectively. This trend is associated with limited mobility among elderly adults. The high rate of pressure ulcers in the geriatric population leads to adverse health outcomes, including increasing readmission rates, longer stay, high cost of care, and rising morbidity and mortality rates. et al. (2021) reported that pressure ulcers result in a considerably high mortality rate in the geriatric population. Thus, preventive measures should be adopted to reduce the high rate of PU and related health complications. Nurses play a significant role in preventing and treating pressure ulcers. For this reason, various studies have been conducted to assess nurses’ knowledge and attitudes towards PU prevention. This paper criticizes qualitative articles assessing nurses’ knowledge and attitudes towards PU prevention.

PICOT Question

This paper will be based on a PICOT question stating; “Among elderly patients in the medical-surgical unit who are at a high risk of developing pressure ulcers (P), does the use of routine repositioning and pressure distribution devices (I) more effective compared to usual care (C) in reducing the rates of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (O) within two weeks of hospitalization?”

Background of Studies

First, Saleh et al. (2019) conducted an observational study on PU prevention. The study was necessitated by poor knowledge about pressure ulcers and the underutilization of PU care in Jordan. The purpose of the study was to evaluate knowledge concerning the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers among nurses working in Jordan. The study’s objective was to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding preventing and treating PU in Jordan. The research question was, does nurses’ knowledge concerning pressure ulcers influence the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers? The study is significant to the nursing practice. It indicated that increasing nurses’ knowledge regarding PU would improve PU prevention and care, reducing patient suffering.

Lotfi et al. (2019) also conducted a descriptive cross‐sectional study. This study was triggered by a dramatic increase in the rate of pressure injuries. This study aimed to evaluate nurses’ knowledge, behavior, and attitude in preventing pressure injuries. The study aimed to evaluate nurses’ knowledge, behavior, and attitude in preventing pressure injuries. The study question was, do nurses’ knowledge, behavior, and attitude prevent pressure injuries? The study is significant to the nursing practice since it indicated that improving nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and behavior through training positively impacts pressure treatment.

Relationship between the two Articles and High Rate of Pressure Ulcers

            The proposed PICOT question states, “Among elderly patients in the medical-surgical unit who are at a high risk of developing pressure ulcers (P), does the use of routine repositioning and pressure distribution devices (I) more effective compared to usual care (C) in reducing the rates of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (O) within two weeks of hospitalization?” Saleh et al. (2019) conducted an observational study to evaluate knowledge concerning preventing and treating pressure ulcers among Jordan nurses. Additionally, Lotfi et al. (2019) conducted a descriptive cross‐sectional study. Therefore, the two articles do not help answer the proposed PICOT question.

The proposed PICOT question uses routine repositioning and pressure distribution devices as interventions and usual care as the comparison groups. On the other hand, Saleh et al. (2019) used the implementation of interventions for preventing and treating pressure ulcers as the intervention group with no comparison. Additionally, Lotfi et al. (2019) used training as the intervention with no comparison. Therefore, the interventions and comparisons used in the two articles differ from the PICOT question.

Method of Studies

The selected articles are qualitative studies. However, these articles differ in data collection. Saleh et al. (2019) used a prospective 8-h observation to collect data from the participants. On the other hand, Lotfi et al. (2019) used a self-reported cross-sectional survey to collect data. These data collection techniques have benefits and limitations. A prospective 8-h observation requires little time to collect data from the participants. However, the researchers will likely leave out essential details when data is collected via observation. Secondly, a cross-sectional survey has a significant benefit: consuming less time. Nonetheless, this methodology requires a large sample size to collect usable data.  

Results of Studies

            Saleh et al. (2019) conducted an observational study to evaluate knowledge concerning preventing and treating pressure ulcers among Jordan nurses. The study findings indicated that training programs equip nurses with adequate knowledge of PU, improving the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers in the clinical practice. Additionally, Lotfi et al. (2019) conducted a descriptive cross‐sectional study. The study findings indicated that holding practical workshops improves nurses’ knowledge, behavior, and attitude towards PU, enhancing pressure injury prevention and improving patient safety.

            The two studies indicated that improving nurses’ knowledge, behavior, and attitude toward PU improve the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers and reduces patient injuries. Therefore, clinical practices should adopt patient training as an evidence-based intervention for improving knowledge, behavior, and attitude towards PU. This intervention will result in PU prevention and treatment, improving patient safety.

Ethical Considerations

            Researchers in the selected articles applied ethical considerations for conducting research in their studies. First, the authors applied the ethical principle of informed consent. They disclosed all relevant information concerning their studies to the participants, including their purpose, study period, and benefits and shortcomings of participating in the study. The respondents then provided a written consent form to indicate their willingness to participate in the studies. Secondly, the researchers adhered to the ethical principle of voluntary participation. They allowed the respondents to volunteer to participate in the study without coercing or forcing them.

Conclusion

            The high rate of pressure ulcers among elderly adults is a significant problem facing nurses attending to these individuals in hospitals and nursing homes. Thus, studies have evaluated nurses’ knowledge, behavior, and attitude towards PU prevention and treatment. Studies indicate that enhancing nurses’ knowledge, behavior, and attitude toward pressure ulcers, improve PU prevention and treatment, which results in patient safety.

References

Grešš Halász, B., Bérešová, A., Tkáčová, Ľ., Magurová, D., & Lizáková, Ľ. (2021). Nurses’ knowledge and attitudes towards prevention of pressure ulcers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041705.

Lotfi, M., Aghazadeh, A. M., Asgarpour, H., & Nobakht, A. (2019). Iranian nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and behavior on skin care, prevention, and management of pressure injury: A descriptive cross‐sectional study. Nursing Open, 6(4), 1600-1605. Doi: 10.1002/nop2.365

Saleh, M. Y., Papanikolaou, P., Nassar, O. S., Shahin, A., & Anthony, D. (2019). An observational study of nurses’ knowledge and practice of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment. Journal of tissue viability, 28(4), 210-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2019.10.005