Discussion: Choose one of the psychotic disorders. Describe it, the prognosis, and the potential treatment

Discussion: Choose one of the psychotic disorders. Describe it, the prognosis, and the potential treatment

Discussion: Choose one of the psychotic disorders. Describe it, the prognosis, and the potential treatment

Choose one of the psychotic disorders. Describe it, the prognosis, and the potential treatment. As a provider, what do you envision some of the hardest things are about treating psychotic patients, both for you and for the patient?

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Discussion on a Psychotic Disorder: Schizophrenia

The psychiatric disorders known as psychotic disorders are characterized by psychosis (an impaired sense of reality). Their symptomatology stands out in that it includes hallucinations and delusions that are so obvious. The purpose of this short paper is to describe a psychotic disorder (schizophrenia), its prognosis, and potential treatment.

Description, Prognosis, and Potential Treatment

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder in which the patient often hears voices that are not real (auditory hallucinations) and believes in situations that are not real. These false beliefs are delusions. For instance, the patient may believe that his family members want to poison him. These are paranoid/ persecutory delusions. They may also believe that they are some important person or historical figure (grandiose delusions), that events are directed at them (referential delusions), that a person is in love with them (erotomanic delusions), or that a major disaster is going to happen (nihilistic delusions) and so on (APA, 2013; Sadock et al., 2015). These define the symptomatology of schizophrenia.

In all, schizophrenia presents with abnormalities in a total of five domains. Two have been mentioned above (delusions and hallucinations). The rest are negative or subtractive symptoms (such as poverty of speech, apathy, lack of motivation, and anhedonia), impaired motor behavior such as catatonia, and disorganization of speech (APA, 2013; Sadock et al., 2015). The prognosis of schizophrenia is not very good. Only about half of the treated patients recover to a point that they can function again independently at work, at home, and in interpersonal relationships. The rest do not recover fully and require a very strong social support network to cope. Treatment of this psychosis is by medication and psychotherapy. A typical medication that is FDA-approved for treating schizophrenia is the atypical antipsychotic paliperidone (Invega Sustenna) as an intramuscular injection (Stahl, 2017). Evidence-based psychotherapy is by cognitive behavioral therapy of CBT for cognitive restructuring (Corey, 2017). This changes negative thoughts to positive ones and behavior.

As a provider, some of the hardest things I envision in the treatment of psychotic patients include the fact that their appreciation of reality is impaired, they have to have someone looking at them for 24/7, and they may hurt themselves or someone since they suffer hallucinations and ay feel threatened.

Conclusion

The psychoses are defined by hallucinations and delusions. Schizophrenia is the best example of a psychosis and the most studied. It can be managed by medications and psychotherapy although the prognosis is not very good (about half of the patients only recover fully). Some of the hardest things in managing psychotic patients include the fact that they cannot take care of themselves and that they can also be a danger to themselves and others.

References

American Psychiatric Association [APA] (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 5^th ed. Author.

Corey, G. (2017). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy, 10^th ed. Cengage Learning.

Sadock, B.J., Sadock, V.A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences clinical psychiatry, 11^th ed. Wolters Kluwer.

Stahl, S.M. (2017). Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: Prescriber’s guide, 6^th ed. Cambridge University Press.