Clinical manifestations and physical exam findings of COVID, Influenza, Pneumonia and CHF exacerbation
clinical manifestations and physical exam findings of COVID, Influenza, Pneumonia and CHF exacerbation
Coursework
COVID manifests with a wide range of clinical manifestations affecting HEENT, cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, and GI systems. The symptoms include headache, fever, cough, sore throat, malaise, nasal congestion, sneezing, hemoptysis, dyspnea, fatigue, sputum production, chest pain, rhinorrhea, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, myalgia, and confusion (da Rosa Mesquita et al., 2021).
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Influenza is a highly contagious acute viral respiratory infection that occurs in adults across the lifespan. Symptoms of influenza include severe headache, fever, chills, sore throat, cough, rhinorrhea, red-watery eyes, muscle aches, severe fatigue, and general body weakness (Phetcharakupt et al., 221). Patients also present with GI symptoms like nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort/pain, and diarrhea. Physical exam findings in influenza include high body temperatures (100-104°F), tachycardia, inflamed pharynx, warm to hot skin, dry cough with clear lungs or rhonchi, and focal wheezing.
Pneumonia is caused by excessive fluid in the lungs due to an inflammatory process. Clinical manifestations of pneumonia include increased respiratory rate, dyspnea, cough, purulent, blood-tinged, or rust-colored sputum fever, pleuritic chest discomfort, chest pain aggravated by respiration and coughing, loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue (Lim, 2020). Physical findings include hyperthermia, nasal flaring, use of accessory muscles of respiration, flushed cheeks, cyanosed lips and nail beds, unequal chest expansion, crackles on auscultation, wheezing, and bronchial breath sounds heard over areas of density.
Clinical symptoms of CHF exacerbation include exertional dyspnea, dyspnea at rest, orthopnea, chest pain, palpitations, fatigue, weakness, nocturia, oliguria, and edema (Schwinger, 2021). Physical findings include tachycardia, neck veins distention, weak, rapid, and thready pulse, rales, wheezing, S 3 gallop, hepatojugular reflux, ascites, and central or peripheral cyanosis.
Assignment Clinical Manifestations References
da Rosa Mesquita, R., Francelino Silva Junior, L. C., Santos Santana, F. M., Farias de Oliveira, T., Campos Alcântara, R., Monteiro Arnozo, G., … & Freire de Souza, C. D. (2021). Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in the general population: systematic review. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 133(7), 377-382. doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01760-4
Lim, W. S. (2020). Pneumonia—Overview. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, B978-0-12-801238-3.11636-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.11636-8
Phetcharakupt, V., Pasomsub, E., & Kiertiburanakul, S. (2021). Clinical manifestations of influenza and performance of rapid influenza diagnostic test: A university hospital setting. Health science reports, 4(4), e408. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.408
Schwinger, R. H. G. (2021). Pathophysiology of heart failure. Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy, 11(1), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.21037/cdt-20-302 Assignment Clinical Manifestations
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