Assignment: NRS 445 Benchmark – Ethical Conduct of Scholarly Activities

Assignment: NRS 445 Benchmark – Ethical Conduct of Scholarly Activities

Assignment: NRS 445 Benchmark – Ethical Conduct of Scholarly Activities

Assessment Traits

Benchmark

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Assessment Description

The focus of this assignment is to apply the principles detailed in the Belmont Report to case studies involving human subjects in research or a quality improvement project.

Utilize the “Ethical Conduct of Scholarly Activities” document to complete this assignment.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

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Benchmark Information

This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies and professional standards:

RN-BSN

4.3: Promote the ethical conduct of scholarly activities [AACN ]

American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education

This assignment aligns to AACN Core Competency 1.2, 4.3, 9.1, 10.2

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NRS-445-RS-T2EthicalConductofScholarlyActivities

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Benchmark – Ethical Conduct of Scholarly Activities

Application of the Belmont Principles: Case Study 1

Belmont Report principles and the components of each principle	Explain how the case meets the components of each principle.	Explain how the case does not meet the components of each principle.	What steps can the nurse researcher or quality improvement manager take to adhere to the ethical principles identified in the Belmont Report?
Respect for Person Respect the right to choose, hold views, and act according to personal beliefs. Protect those with decreased capacity to make their own choice. Ensure voluntary participation. Provide informed consent, explaining the harms and benefits.	The patient, who had been diagnosed with lung, colon, and breast cancer, was first given permission to participate in the experimental therapy. This exemplifies the significance of appreciating people’s liberty, self-governance, and capacity to exercise their judgment. In the second scenario, a cancer patient is given the chance to undertake innovative treatment. Nevertheless, the moral quandary arises when considering the resistance of one’s spouse, which raises questions about the principle of honoring an individual’s autonomy (Pritchard, 2021).	When a patient chooses to undertake experimental therapy, even if the likelihood of success is minimal, it may suggest a possible deficiency in their ability to make independent choices. Another instance included a patient who had an abrupt cardiac arrest, maybe attributable to a shortage of detailed information pertaining to the advantages and possible hazards of the experimental therapy. In the scenario above, the spouse’s disregard for the woman’s individuality and autonomy may impede her ability to get experimental treatment (Pritchard, 2021).	Before talking to a patient with aggressive cancer about the potential hazards and advantages of pursuing intensive treatment, nurse researchers should work with the patient to figure out the best way to communicate medical information while also making sure that it is in line with her values for her spouse or family. The patient’s viewpoint might provide vital insights for her spouse and family members to get a more profound comprehension of the medical facts. The authors also discuss the issue of conveying one’s choice to undergo harsh treatment to family members, even if one has a preference for not overtly revealing it (Pritchard, 2021).
Beneficence Minimize the harm/risks to the greatest extent possible. Maximize the potential benefits. Ensure that the patient’s rights and well-being precede science’s needs.	A female patient with colon, breast, and lung cancers, all of which have a low chance of recovery, voluntarily agreed to take part in an experimental therapy. The medicine had remarkable efficacy in treating her malignancies, resulting in six years of being free from cancer, therefore confirming its favorable effects (Cox et al., 2023).	Researchers have determined that the medication has significant risks and has shown minimal efficacy, as evidenced by the incidence of acute coronary artery disease in specific trials (Cox et al., 2023).	Nurse researchers must meticulously evaluate the risks compared to the benefits of chemotherapy and provide suggestions grounded in robust data to guarantee the patient’s best health and well-being. In order to respect the concept of goodwill, researchers must take steps to minimize the possibility of suffering or harm. Researchers are obligated to protect individuals from being taken advantage of, as stated by the concept of beneficence (Cox et al., 2023).
Justice Justly distribute the benefits and burdens of the research. Guard against using vulnerable populations. Ensure a fair selection of research participants. Guard against coercion and undue influence. Avoid potential financial or other conflicts of interest.	The original example was a woman who had favorable results from a novel cancer therapy. Surprisingly, she remained cancer-free for six years. This scenario exemplifies the ethical ideal of justice (Siddiqui & Sharp, 2021).	Despite having little chance of life, the patient voluntarily took part in the trial and benefited from the experimental cancer treatment. The patient went into cardiac arrest in the second scenario. But in the end, the patient’s spouse prevented them from receiving experimental cancer treatment (Siddiqui & Sharp, 2021).	Practically speaking, nurse researchers have to make sure that participant suffering is commensurate with any possible advantages that might follow from the study’s findings. It is critical to stress that data from research must be gathered before determining if an experimental therapy is beneficial (Siddiqui & Sharp, 2021).

Application of the Belmont Principles: Case Study 2

Belmont Report principles and the components of each principle.	Explain how the case meets the components of each principle.	Explain how the case does not meet the components of each principle.	What steps can the nurse researcher or quality improvement manager take to adhere to the ethical principles identified in the Belmont Report?
Respect for Person Respect the right to choose, hold views, and act according to personal beliefs. Protect those with decreased capacity to make their own choice. Ensure voluntary participation. Provide informed consent, explaining the harms and benefits.	Nurse researchers must take practical factors into account to ensure that the amount of challenge faced by participants is commensurate with the possible advantages that might be obtained from the study’s results. Before determining the effectiveness of the experimental therapy, it is essential to prioritize the collection of thorough information from the research (Nagai et al., 2022).	Technological technologies like GPS monitoring and mobile phone reminders jeopardize people’s privacy and undercut the core premise of upholding human dignity. Furthermore, it may lead to feelings of worry and constant monitoring, a phenomenon known as the “panopticon phenomenon” (Nagai et al., 2022).	Nurse researchers may foster respect for persons by using sophisticated technology methods to ensure comprehension, monitor consent and opt-out options, and distribute study materials. The researcher’s responsibility is to evaluate a candidate’s skill, understanding, and appropriateness for the study (Nagai et al., 2022).
Beneficence Minimize the harm/risks to the greatest extent possible. Maximize the potential benefits. Ensure that the patient’s rights and well-being precede science’s needs.	Improving compliance with the evaluated treatment method may be accomplished by using technology. This encompasses the transmission of SMS alerts to participants on their research meetings, offering flexibility in the scheduling of visits, and including GPS tracking. Consequently, this leads to the possibility of favorable results (Rivera et al., 2022).	The rural population lacks significant awareness of GPS technology, which might result in the disregard for patients’ and participants’ needs and preferences (Rivera et al., 2022).	Nurse researchers must use contemporary technologies to do various duties. The responsibilities involved in this research include recruiting patients, getting informed permission, retrieving data from medical records, performing follow-up visits, and assuring patient safety. Implementing these strategies is crucial for maintaining the concept of beneficence (Rivera et al., 2022).
Justice ·         Justly distribute the benefits and burdens of the research. Guard against using vulnerable populations. ·         Ensure a fair selection of research participants. ·         Guard against coercion and undue influence. ·         Avoid potential financial or other conflicts of interest.	One method of adhering to the ethical concept of justice is by obtaining patients’ agreement for GPS monitoring and providing them with text message reminders. By using this methodology, the research may be rendered more pragmatic and advantageous for both the participants and the researcher (Lantos, 2020).	According to Lantos (2020), the use of technology in recruiting and monitoring research volunteers might lead to undeserved stigma, discrimination, and exclusion.	Before enlisting study participants, nurses conducting studies must provide the general public with thorough instructions on the purpose and planned use of technology in the study. It is essential to enact requisite procedures to guarantee the security of the entire system. To ensure that persons have sufficient knowledge regarding the goal and consequences of the study, only those who possess a thorough comprehension should be permitted to participate (Lantos, 2020).

Personal Reflection

In less than 250 words, discuss how the ethical principles from the Belmont Report align with the Christian worldview. Reflect on your current nursing practice and describe how these ethical principles align with your nursing practice.

The Christian worldview influences the ethical precepts established in the Belmont Report. The ideals included in this context are the reverence for individuals, fairness, and the promotion of well-being. These principles encourage the acceptance of shared ideals. The ethical standards emphasize the need for caring and displaying compassionate and honest behavior. They also stress the awareness of the intrinsic worth of every individual, regardless of their distinct talents and various situations (White, 2020). The beliefs align with the biblical teachings on empathy, compassion, and the inherent worth of every human being. These values are crucial for delivering patient-centered care in my nursing career. I continuously prioritize the notion of upholding patients’ dignity and safeguarding their autonomy. I have continually placed a high importance on patients’ autonomy by aiding them in making well-informed choices about their health. The idea of benevolence is shown by the commitment to maximizing advantages and minimizing negative consequences. This idea aligns with the Christian virtue of altruism (Kimmelman, 2020). Nurses must follow the concept of justice, which means they must make sure that fairness and impartiality are maintained. The idea also encompasses the advocacy for equitable access to healthcare resources. Within the nursing profession, the Christian worldview emphasizes compassion as a fundamental ethical element for advancing justice. Furthermore, it cultivates a viewpoint that surpasses an individual’s professional responsibilities (Kimmelman, 2020). In my present professional methodology, I include this principle by seeing patients not just in medical situations but as distinct persons worthy of respect and dignity. Furthermore, I always prioritize the compassionate assessment of patients’ holistic requirements, including their mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being.

References

Cox, D. J., Suarez, V. D., & Marya, V. (2023). Ethical principles and values guiding modern scientific research. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 35–61). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90969-3.00008-6

Kimmelman, J. (2020). What Is Human Research For? Reflections on the Omission of Scientific Integrity from the Belmont Report. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 63(2), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2020.0017

Lantos, J. D. (2020). The Belmont Report and innovative clinical research. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 63(2), 389–400. https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2020.0026

Nagai, H., Nakazawa, E., & Akabayashi, A. (2022). The creation of the Belmont Report and its effect on ethical principles: a historical study. Monash Bioethics Review, 40(2), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-022-00165-5

Pritchard, I. A. (2021). Framework for the ethical conduct of research: The ethical principles of the Belmont Report. In American Psychological Association eBooks (pp. 3–21). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000258-001

Rivera, S. C., Aiyegbusi, O. L., Ives, J., Draper, H., Mercieca‐Bebber, R., Ells, C., Hunn, A., Scott, J., Fernandez, C. V., Dickens, A., Anderson, N., Bhatnagar, V., Bottomley, A., Campbell, L., Collett, C., Collis, P., Craig, K., Davies, H., Golub, R., . . . Calvert, M. (2022). Ethical Considerations for the Inclusion of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Clinical Research. JAMA, 327(19), 1910. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.6421

Siddiqui, W., & Sharp, R. R. (2021). Beyond the Belmont report. American Journal of Bioethics, 21(10), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2021.1972649

White, M. G. (2020). Why human subjects research protection is important. ˜the œOchsner Journal, 20(1), 16–33. https://doi.org/10.31486/toj.20.5012