Assignment: NURS 6501 Week 1 Alterations in Cellular Processes
Assignment: NURS 6501 Week 1 Alterations in Cellular Processes
Alterations in Cellular Processes
The role genetics plays in the disease.
The patient described in the above case study is exhibiting symptoms of anaphylaxis. This syndrome often affects 5% of persons who have inherited additional alpha tryptase gene copies (Turner et al., 2019). This genetic disease leads to elevated amounts of tryptase in the bloodstream. Due to this, their blood exhibits elevated amounts of tryptase protein, regardless of an allergic response.
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Why is the patient presenting with the specific symptoms described?
The patient exhibits dysphagia, nausea, and asthenia. Physiological responses to the ejection of anaphylaxis mediators involve smooth muscle spasms in the digestive and respiratory tracts, vasodilation, heightened vascular permeability, and activation of the endings of sensory nerves (Dodd et al., 2021). Respiratory symptoms in anaphylaxis are caused by heightened mucous secretion, raised bronchial smooth muscle tone, and airway edema.
The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.
The symptoms of the patient were brought on by an allergy injection that was administered. Hypersensitivity responses will likely occur during allergen immunotherapy since the treatment involves the introduction of an allergen into an allergic person. The majority of responses will take place between five to thirty minutes after the injection of a particular antigen, such as the one described in the case study that was supplied; nevertheless, they may last for a longer period or maybe recurring (biphasic) within eight to twelve hours (de Silva et al., 2020).
The cells that are involved in this process.
The majority of the time, anaphylaxis is thought to result from mast cell and basophil activation via a process that is largely considered to entail immunoglobulin (Ig) E crosslinking and aggregation of the high-affinity IgE receptors, FcεRI (de Silva et al., 2020). Mast cells and basophils rapidly release prepared mediators, such as histamine, carboxypeptidase A, tryptase, and proteoglycans, from secretory granules upon activation. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is activated downstream, resulting in the production of arachidonic acid metabolites such as prostaglandins, platelet-activating factor (PAF), and leukotrienes, which are then produced by cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases. TNF- (TNF-) is an inflammatory cytokine secreted in the preformed and late-phase mediatory phases with chemokines and cytokines. When it comes to the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis, it is considered that several of these mediators are involved.
How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.
The male patient is twenty-four years old. Adult females have been observed to have anaphylaxis more often than adult men, and this preponderance appears after puberty. According to Turner et al. (2019), this disorder typically affects 1 in 20 people who have inherited extra alpha tryptase gene copies. African Americans seem to be more susceptible to food allergies and food-associated anaphylaxis than European Americans are. Anaphylaxis is particularly common in those with other allergic disorders, such as asthma or atopic eczema, an allergic skin condition.
References
Cardona, V., Ansotegui, I. J., Ebisawa, M., El-Gamal, Y., Fernandez Rivas, M., Fineman, S., Geller, M., Gonzalez-Estrada, A., Greenberger, P. A., Sanchez Borges, M., Senna, G., Sheikh, A., Tanno, L. K., Thong, B. Y., Turner, P. J., & Worm, M. (2020). World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Guidance 2020. World Allergy Organization Journal, 13(10), 100472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100472
de Silva, D., Singh, C., Muraro, A., Worm, M., Alviani, C., Cardona, V., DunnGlvin, A., Garvey, L. H., Riggioni, C., Angier, E., Arasi, S., Bellou, A., Beyer, K., Bijlhout, D., Bilo, M. B., Brockow, K., Fernandez‐Rivas, M., Halken, S., Jensen, B., & Khaleva, E. (2020). Diagnosing, managing and preventing anaphylaxis: Systematic review. Allergy, 76(5), 1493–1506. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14580
Dodd, A., Hughes, A., Sargant, N., Whyte, A. F., Soar, J., & Turner, P. J. (2021). Evidence update for the treatment of anaphylaxis. Resuscitation, 0(0), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.04.010
Turner, P. J., Worm, M., Ansotegui, I. J., El-Gamal, Y., Rivas, M. F., Fineman, S., Geller, M., Gonzalez-Estrada, A., Greenberger, P. A., Tanno, L. K., Sánchez-Borges, M., Senna, G., Sheikh, A., Thong, B. Y., Ebisawa, M., & Cardona, V. (2019). Time to revisit the definition and clinical criteria for anaphylaxis? World Allergy Organization Journal, 12(10), 100066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100066
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