BIO 326 Discussion 7.1: Nervous System Disorders

BIO 326 Discussion 7.1: Nervous System Disorders

BIO 326 Discussion 7.1: Nervous System Disorders

Introduction

Parents bring their 3-month-old infant to the urgent care you work at, complaining that he has had constipation for 5 days that was preceded by weakness for several weeks. Upon physical exam, you note hypotonia, hyperreflexia, and respiratory distress. You advise the parents you believe the child needs to be admitted to hospital and taken immediately to the local pediatric emergency room.

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Discussion Guidelines

Initial Post

In your initial post answer the following questions:

The parents ask you why you are so concerned and tell you they would prefer you to give him something for the constipation. They would rather just take him home. How would you respond?

The parents persist that they do not think their son needs to be admitted to the hospital. As a clinician, you believe they are making the wrong decision and are concerned for the infant’s health. What alternatives might you consider to ensure the parents understand the gravity of their decision?

Response Post(s)

Reply to at least two classmates’ initial posts by Sunday.

Submission

Post your initial and follow up responses and review full grading criteria on the Discussion 7.1: Disorders of Motor Function page.

Week 7: Nervous System Disorders

Welcome to Week 7. First, a reminder: the Midterm Exam, covering material from Weeks 1–7, must be completed this week.

One set of presented material includes information on causative factors of neurologic disorders, including degenerative disorders such as Huntington’s disease and Alzheimer’s. The general effects of neurologic disorders are presented, and you should pay attention to definitions or terms in bold in the material. Specific neurologic diseases, such as those caused by ischemic conditions and infections, are covered. A classification scheme for seizures is also presented. Finally, degenerative diseases are described. You should be aware of the age of onset, susceptibility, and causative factor of each disease.

The second set of material presented this week focuses on motor function disorders. The content is found in Chapter 15 in the textbook, with the presented material providing a direct overview of the chapter’s content. Background information on neurons and muscles, or the neuromuscular system, is provided first. Each skeletal muscle is stimulated by a neuron. The neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates make up a motor unit. You should also understand the neuromuscular junction, as well as the specific motor systems in the body. Disorders of motor function, disorders of skeletal muscle groups, and alterations to neuromuscular function will be presented. You should be able to differentiate between peripheral neuropathy, mononeuropathy, and polyneuropathy. Additional material on involuntary movement disorders, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis is presented.

Lesson 1: Disorders of Motor Function

This lesson focuses on the disorders of motor function (note that some of this material will appear later in the course in musculoskeletal disorders). In order to present the material, the background content covering neuromuscular junctions, with specificity to the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic muscle, is presented. Muscle movement coordination, and loss of muscle function during specific neurologic disease states is presented.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Organization and Control of Motor Function

Define the term motor unit and characterize its mechanism of controlling skeletal muscle movement

Delineate between the functions of the primary, premotor, and supplemental motor cortices

Compare the effect of upper and lower motor neuron lesions on the spinal cord stretch reflex function and muscle tone

Disorders of the Motor Unit

Define the term peripheral nervous system and describe the characteristics of peripheral nerves

Compare the cause and manifestations of peripheral mononeuropathies with polyneuropathies

Upper Motor Neuron Disorders

Relate the pathologic UMN and LMN changes that occur in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to the manifestations of the disease

Explain the significance of demyelination and plaque formation in MS

Before attempting to complete your learning activities for this week, review the following learning materials:

Learning Materials

ORDER A CUSTOMIZED, PLAGIARISM-FREE BIO 326 Discussion 7.1: Nervous System Disorders HERE

Read the following in your Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States textbook:

Chapter 15, “Disorders of Motor Function”

Lesson 2: Disorders of Neurologic Function

This lesson focuses on the disorders of motor function (note that some of this material will appear later in the course in musculoskeletal disorders). Background content covering neuromuscular junctions, with specificity to the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic muscle, is also included. Muscle movement coordination and loss of muscle function during specific neurologic disease states is presented

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Organization and Control of Motor Function

Define the term motor unit and characterize its mechanism of controlling skeletal muscle movement

Delineate between the functions of the primary, premotor, and supplemental motor cortices

Compare the effect of upper and lower motor neuron lesions on the spinal cord stretch reflex function and muscle tone

Disorders of the Motor Unit

Define the term peripheral nervous system and describe the characteristics of peripheral nerves

Compare the cause and manifestations of peripheral mononeuropathies with polyneuropathies

Upper Motor Neuron Disorders

Relate the pathologic UMN and LMN changes that occur in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to the manifestations of the disease

Explain the significance of demyelination and plaque formation in MS

Before attempting to complete your learning activities for this week, review the following learning materials:

Learning Materials

Read the following in your Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States textbook:

Chapter 15, “Disorders of Motor Function”

Chapter 16, “Disorders of Brain Function”

The instructional material does not follow linearly with that in the textbook. Having said that, most of the neurologic disorders are covered in Chapters 15 and 16 in Porth’s Pathophysiology.