Case Study MR C Assignment Paper

Case Study MR C Assignment Paper

Case Study MR C Assignment Paper

   The assigned case study demonstrates a male patient, Mr. C, who is 32 years old, seeking information regarding bariatric surgery as the best medical intervention for his obesity. The patient’s overweight puts him at high risk of cardiac arrest, hypertension, and diabetes. However, with bariatric surgery, the amount of food that the patient’s stomach will be able to comfortably accommodate will be reduced hence helping with weight reduction (Jakobsen et al., 2018). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the provided health history and medical information of Mr. C and suggest the most appropriate cause of action. 

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Clinical Manifestations

            From the provided information, the patient mainly presents with symptoms caused by his overweight nature. Even though the patient has not been diagnosed with metabolic disorders, he stands a great chance of developing this condition, if timely intervention is not taken. The collected objective data indicate that the patient’s blood pressure is elevated and heart rate and respiratory rate increased (Ryan & Kahan, 2018). He also reports suffering from sleep apnea which might be attributed to the accumulation of fats on the neck. His idyllic HDL levels are very low, while his cholesterol levels and triglycerides are surprisingly high.

Potential Health Risks

            Mr. C is at great risk of developing several obesity-related health complications like kidney disease, sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and stroke among others. The patient has however made the right choice to consider bariatric surgery as the most effective intervention to avoid these complications. Evidence-based practice has proven great effectiveness in reducing the risks of obesity-related complications among patients who have undergone bariatric surgery (Jakobsen et al., 2018). Studies also report that the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in helping patients manage their obesity can best be realized with patients who integrate physical activity and dietary interventions as part of their care plan.

Functional Health Patterns

            From the provided information, the patient’s functional health patterns that need to be accessed include his metabolic function, self-perception, stress coping and tolerance, sleep rest cycle, and health management. From the assessment, it is clear that the patient perceives himself as unhealthy due to his obesity, and even considers bariatric surgery to promote his health (Veroux et al., 2021). He also seems to adopt a sedentary lifestyle, with limited activity/exercise and a poor diet, with high calories since he gained about 100 pounds over the past 2 to 3 years, and his objective data reveal high cholesterol levels. The patient also reports sleep apnea, which affects his sleep-wake cycle. His shortness of breath also affects his respiratory function finally. As such, the patient needs to adopt life modification strategies such as engaging in physical activity and consuming a healthy diet to promote appropriate functional health patterns

Staging and Contributing Factors of ESRD

            Renal disease is usually classified into 5 main categories, based on kidney function. Clinical guidelines recommend the use of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the patient to determine the kidney functioning for diagnosing and staging the renal disease. End-stage renal disease is normally diagnosed when the kidney function of the patient drops to less than 10% of its normal functioning, with a GFR of less than 15 mL/min (Lin et al., 2018). Some of the contributing factors to ESRD include low hemoglobin levels, hypertension, alcoholism, smoking, high cholesterol level, advanced age, and low education among others.

Health Promotion and Prevention Measures for ESRD

            To date, no cure has been discovered for ESRD. However, through evidence-based practice, several interventions like kidney transplants and dialysis have proven to be effective in promoting the health of the patient, hence prolonging their life (Veroux et al., 2021). Consequently, patients are educated on appropriate health promotion and prevention measures such as engaging in physical activity and a healthy diet to prevent complications associated with the disease. Patients are also advised to attend to their comorbid conditions to promote their health once diagnosed with ESRD.

Resources for ESRD Patient for Nonacute Care and Multidisciplinary Approach

Many resources have been provided for patients diagnosed with ESRD, to help them understand the condition better and the available course of action needed to help manage the condition. Such resources include support groups for ESRD survivors, and multidisciplinary approaches with procedures helping in tracking down the patient’s diet and exercise plans (Lin et al., 2018). Dialysis centers have also been established in most clinics to promote care for patients with CKD. Additional sources include internet sources like USDA Nutrient Database, The DASH Diet Eating Plan,  American Dietetic Association, Renal Support Network (RSN), and FitDay among others.

Conclusion

            Mr. C presents with obesity which predisposes him to several health complications such as hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea, and kidney disease among others. However, he considers bariatric surgery as the most appropriate intervention to prevent these comorbidities and promote his health. Studies have displayed great effectiveness with the use of bariatric surgery in addition to physical exercise and dietary intervention in the management of obesity and associated comorbidities.

References

Jakobsen, G. S., Småstuen, M. C., Sandbu, R., Nordstrand, N., Hofsø, D., Lindberg, M., … & Hjelmesæth, J. (2018). Association of bariatric surgery vs medical obesity treatment with long-term medical complications and obesity-related comorbidities. Jama, 319(3), 291-301. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.21055

Lin, T. Y., Liu, J. S., & Hung, S. C. (2018). Obesity and risk of end-stage renal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cohort study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 108(5), 1145-1153. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy200

Ryan, D. H., & Kahan, S. (2018). Guideline recommendations for obesity management. Medical Clinics, 102(1), 49-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.006

Veroux, M., Mattone, E., Cavallo, M., Gioco, R., Corona, D., Volpicelli, A., & Veroux, P. (2021). Obesity and bariatric surgery in kidney transplantation: A clinical review. World Journal of Diabetes, 12(9), 1563. DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i9.1563

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Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mr. C., presented below.

Based on this information, formulate a conclusion based on your evaluation, and complete the Critical Thinking Essay assignment, as instructed below.

Health History and Medical Information

Health History

Mr. C., a 32-year-old single male, is seeking information at the outpatient center regarding possible bariatric surgery for his obesity. He currently works at a catalog telephone center. He reports that he has always been heavy, even as a small child, gaining approximately 100 pounds in the last 2-3 years. Previous medical evaluations have not indicated any metabolic diseases, but he says he has sleep apnea and high blood pressure, which he tries to control by restricting dietary sodium. Mr. C. reports increasing shortness of breath with activity, swollen ankles, and pruritus over the last 6 months.

Objective Data:

Height: 68 inches; weight 134.5 kg
BP: 172/98, HR 88, RR 26
3+ pitting edema bilateral feet and ankles
Fasting blood glucose: 146 mg/dL
Total cholesterol: 250 mg/dL
Triglycerides: 312 mg/dL
HDL: 30 mg/dL
Serum creatinine 1.8 mg/dL
BUN 32 mg/dl
Critical Thinking Essay

In 750-1,000 words, critically evaluate Mr. C.’s potential diagnosis and intervention(s). Include the following:

Describe the clinical manifestations present in Mr. C.
Describe the potential health risks for obesity that are of concern for Mr. C. Discuss whether bariatric surgery is an appropriate intervention.
Assess each of Mr. C.’s functional health patterns using the information given. Discuss at least five actual or potential problems can you identify from the functional health patterns and provide the rationale for each. (Functional health patterns include health-perception, health-management, nutritional, metabolic, elimination, activity-exercise, sleep-rest, cognitive-perceptual, self-perception/self-concept, role-relationship, sexuality/reproductive, coping-stress tolerance.)
Explain the staging of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and contributing factors to consider.
Consider ESRD prevention and health promotion opportunities. Describe what type of patient education should be provided to Mr. C. for prevention of future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status.
Explain the type of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care and the type of multidisciplinary approach that would be beneficial for these patients. Consider aspects such as devices, transportation, living conditions, return-to-employment issues.
You are required to cite to a minimum of two sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.