Community-acquired Pneumonia
Proper drug selection guarantees better health outcomes and reduces the burden of drug resistance due to misuse. In this case, the patient presents to the clinic with shortness of breath, and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is suspected. According to the treatment guideline for community-acquired pneumonia, the patient should be initiated on macrolide or doxycycline. Although, there are various factors to consider when assessing the patient and the findings should guide the therapeutic selection (Sinopalnikov, 2020). The patients suspected to be having CAP should have chest radiography one on them. Furthermore, other medications may be initiated depending on the patient’s condition and response to the first-line treatment.
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In case of failure in the first-line treatment, the patient should be initiated on respiratory fluoroquinolones. Fluoroquinolone therapy is highly preferred for patients with co-morbidity or who have received recent antibiotic therapy (Hunton, 2019). Besides, patients with a history of drug-resistant pneumococci infections also should be given respiratory fluoroquinolones.
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Patients with CAP are classified as either having comorbidity or not. Patients with co-morbidity and who are classified as a moderate or high-risk class should be given intravenous beta-lactams such as cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, macrolide, or even fluoroquinolone alone(Sinopalnikov, 2020). Patients without co-morbidity can also be initiated in amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefprozil, or cefuroxime (Hunton, 2019).
The ethnic, cultural, and genetic differences could affect the efficacy of the medications. For example, cultural groups that do not believe in-hospital medications may have poor adherence and thus a high level of antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, some people are sensitive to penicillin due to genetic factors and so should not be given any drug containing penicillin.
References
Hunton, R. (2019). Updated concepts in the diagnosis and management of community-acquired pneumonia. Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 32(10), 18-23. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jaa.0000580528.33851.0c
Sinopalnikov, A. S. (2020). Management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in outpatient settings. Pharmateca, 10_2020, 8-18. https://doi.org/10.18565/pharmateca.2020.10.8-18
please answer the discussion question below, minimum 250 words thank you
A patient presents with shortness of breath (SOB). When community-acquired or hospital-acquired pneumonia is suspected, how do you select your antibiotic according to current guidelines? Provide which guidelines you used. What ethnic, cultural, and genetic differences must be considered in patients in order to ensure the safety or efficacy of the medication? Include references using APA format.
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