Discussion: A 16-year-old involved in a motor vehicle accident is brought via ambulance to the emergency room you work at. She needs an emergency blood transfusion. Her mother, a devout Jehovah’s Witness, refuses to give permission for her daughter to receive blood products because it goes against her faith

Discussion: A 16-year-old involved in a motor vehicle accident is brought via ambulance to the emergency room you work at. She needs an emergency blood transfusion. Her mother, a devout Jehovah’s Witness, refuses to give permission for her daughter to receive blood products because it goes against her faith

Discussion: A 16-year-old involved in a motor vehicle accident is brought via ambulance to the emergency room you work at. She needs an emergency blood transfusion. Her mother, a devout Jehovah’s Witness, refuses to give permission for her daughter to receive blood products because it goes against her faith

Value: 10 points

Introduction

A 16-year-old involved in a motor vehicle accident is brought via ambulance to the emergency room you work at. She needs an emergency blood transfusion. Her mother, a devout Jehovah’s Witness, refuses to give permission for her daughter to receive blood products because it goes against her faith.

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Discussion Guidelines

Initial Post

In your initial post, answer the following questions:

As a culturally and religiously sensitive nurse, how might you explain to this mother why her daughter needs blood?

What are the ethical issues raised by the mother refusing blood products for her daughter?

If the mother continued to refuse to allow her daughter to receive blood products, what would you do as a provider?

Response Post(s)

Reply to at least two classmates’ initial posts by Sunday.

Submission

Post your initial and follow up responses and review full grading criteria on the Discussion 8.1: Blood Cells and the Hematopoietic System page.

Week 8: Blood Cells and the Hematopoietic System

Welcome to Week 8. Since we are about to cover the cardiovascular system, the material this week focuses on the cells carried in blood and in lymphoid tissue. The presented material follows linearly from that in Chapters 21–24. Specifically, you will learn about the composition of blood, disorders of hemostasis, disorders of red and white blood cells, and lymphoid tissue. You will need to learn the composition of plasma and should be able to describe the formed elements of the blood and cite their function. In addition, you should focus on the process of hematopoiesis and the three stages of hemostasis. Platelet function and normal and abnormal clotting should be described and differentiated.

The material on disorders of red and white cells and lymphoid tissue covers an extensive amount of content. After covering the material, you should be able to describe the role of iron and bilirubin. You should also be able to describe red blood cell count, percentage of reticulocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration as related to anemia. You should be able to differentiate the blood types and describe how the Rh factor is determined. You should pay attention to the pathological condition of anemia in all of its forms, as well as polycythemia and hemolytic disease. You should also be able to discuss white blood cell formation and describe disorders associated with white blood cells, such as leukopenia. Finally, you will need to use the concepts of central and peripheral lymphoid tissue to describe the origin of malignant lymphomas and leukemias.

Lesson 1: Composition of Blood and Disorders of Hemostasis

The first presentation describes the composition of blood, including the fluid or dissolved components and the cellular elements. You should be aware of the function of each cell type. Hematopoiesis is presented, as are the regulatory growth factors of hematopoiesis. Hemostatic disorders are presented in a second presentation. In order to understand these disorders, the mechanisms of blood clotting are provided.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Blood Cells and the Hematopoietic System

Composition of Blood and Formation of Blood Cells

Describe the composition and functions of plasma

Describe the formed elements of blood and cite their function and lifespan

Trace the process of hematopoiesis from stem cell to mature blood cell

Diagnostic Tests

Describe the components of a complete blood count with differential

Disorders of Hemostasis

Mechanisms of Hemostasis

Describe the three stages of hemostasis

Explain the purpose of blood coagulation and the function of clot retraction and clot dissolution

Hypercoagulability States

Compare normal and abnormal clotting

Describe the causes and effects of increased platelet function

Differentiate between two conditions that contribute to increased clotting activity

Bleeding Disorders

Differentiate the mechanisms of drug-induced thrombocytopenia and idiopathic thrombocytopenia

Explain the physiologic basis of acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Before attempting to complete your learning activities for this week, review the following learning materials:

Learning Materials

Read the following in your Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States textbook:

Chapter 21, “Blood Cells and the Hematopoietic System”

Chapter 22, “Disorders of Hemostasis”

Review the following presentations. Note: the videos have no audio.

Blood Composition Presentation

Download the PowerPoint version of Blood Composition Presentation (PPT) if you require an accessible copy of the video.

Disorders of Hemostasis Presentation

Download the PowerPoint version of Disorders of Hemostasis Presentation (PPT) if you require an accessible copy of the video.