Discussion Question: Sinusitis

Discussion Question: Sinusitis

Discussion Question: Sinusitis

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the lining of the paranasal sinuses. The risk factors for Sinusitis include a history of a previous cold, seasonal allergies, smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke, structural defects within the sinuses (nasal polyps), and a compromised immune system (Husain et al., 2018). Diagnosis of sinusitis is made based on the patient’s history and manifestations. The symptoms to look for include pressure and pain in the face, purulent rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and obstruction, loss of smell, halitosis, and productive nocturnal cough. Physical exam findings include swelling, tenderness, and erythematous over the affected sinus (Husain et al., 2018). Other tests for sinusitis include sinus x-rays, endoscopic exams, and CT scan.

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           Pharmacologic treatment includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The first-line antibiotic therapy includes Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, and Azithromycin. The recommended first-line therapy is 10-14 days of amoxicillin (Jaume et al., 2020). The second-line antibiotic therapies include Amoxicillin-clavulanate, 2nd – or 3rd-generation cephalosporins (cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, cefdinir), Macrolides (clarithromycin), Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin), and Clindamycin. In addition, patients are prescribed analgesics for pain and fever (e.g., acetaminophen) and decongestants (e.g., phenylephrine). Non-pharmacologic therapy includes steam humidification, the application of hot and wet packs over the sinus area, and nasal saline irrigations (Jaume et al., 2020). The AGACNP should teach the patient to increase fluid intake and balanced nutrition.

           Patients can be educated on prevention strategies for sinusitis, like frequently washing their hands. The AGACNP should advise patients to adhere to the recommended vaccines, such as the flu vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine (Husain et al., 2018). Besides, individuals can avoid close contact with people with colds or other upper respiratory infections. They should also avoid smoke and second-hand smoke. They can also be advised to use a clean humidifier to moisten the air at home.

References

Husain, S., Amilia, H. H., Rosli, M. N., Zahedi, F. D., Sachlin, I. S., & Development Group Clinical Practice Guidelines Management of Rhinosinusitis in Adolescents & Adults (2018). Management of rhinosinusitis in adults in primary care. Malaysian Family Physician : The Official Journal of The Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia, 13(1), 28–33.

Jaume, F., Valls-Mateus, M., & Mullol, J. (2020). Common Cold and Acute Rhinosinusitis: Up-to-Date Management in 2020. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 20(7), 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-020-00917-5

Present one HEENT diagnosis/complication relevant to the role of the AGACNP. Include risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment, including pharmacologic treatment, nonpharmacologic treatment, and prevention modalities. You may present your post as a case-study. Do not duplicate topics.

Support your answer with a minimum of two APRN peer-reviewed resources.