Global Health Comparison Grid Template

Global Health Comparison Grid Template

Global Health Comparison Grid Template

Universal health coverage (UHC) is a critical component that is driving the international health agenda, especially after the world witnessed the devastating effects of a pandemic in the name of the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) implores nations to implement a universal health coverage as part of efforts to bolster healthcare access and reduce costs while improving quality. Universal health coverage requires nations like the United States and China to develop programs initiatives aimed at providing better and affordable care (Milstead & Short, 2019). In China, the government began efforts in 2009 to reform healthcare towards UHC with the aim of providing basic care to all by 2020. The United States enacted the Affordable Care Act in 2010 as part of its efforts to enhance accessibility, reduce costs, and improve the quality of care offered to patients. The purpose of this comparison grid is to compare efforts between China and the United States to offer universal health coverage based on their respective programs.

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Global Healthcare Issue	Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
Description	The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a framework that implores nations, world leaders, and business organizations to make efforts in different areas aimed at bettering the lives of people across the world. Goal number three of the SDGs is attainment of good health and wellbeing. Governments can only attain this goal by rolling out universal health coverage that ensures each individual in their respective countries can access affordable and quality healthcare services. The universal health coverage approach allows nations to develop preventive and primary care interventions to improve the health of their populations (Milstead & Short, 2019). As such, nations like the United States and China are making efforts towards attainment of universal health coverage for their citizens under different programs and policies.
Country	United States	China
Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue	The main framework towards the UHC in the U.S. was the passage and continued implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010. The ACA is a federal health insurance coverage aimed at increasing health coverage among Americans, especially those who qualify but previously with no coverage. The goals of the ACA include increasing accessibility, cost reduction, and better quality care.	The main framework in China towards universal health coverage is the National Essentials Medicines Policy. According to WHO (2022), over 95% of the Chinese population is covered by the basic medical insurance system or model. The policy focuses on accessibility and affordability of important services and drugs to mitigate the economic cost on people who require health services.
What are the strengths of this policy?	The ACA offers a host of strengths that include expanding health coverage, accessibility and provide options in the health insurance marketplace. The second strength is the affordability of the program as even those with preexisting conditions are eligible for the plan. Thirdly, the main focus of the policy is preventive and primary care interventions and expansion of access to the vulnerable groups and those below the federal poverty levels.	The policy reduces cost of health as it requires more people to access healthcare without making out-pocket payment (Ding & Wu, 2018). The policy makes medicines affordable by lowering their prices.
What are the weaknesses of this policy?	Critics continue to debate the financial sustainability of ACA as data shows that its implementation has led to a rise in overall government spending on health. Further, the penalties imposed by the policy makes it expensive while getting a coverage can be complex for many individuals. Expansion of the coverage, especially through Medicaid remains a challenge. Struggling to meet your deadline ? Get assistance on Global Health Comparison Grid Template done on time by medical experts. Don’t wait – ORDER NOW! Meet My Deadline	The Chinese policy for universal health care does not cover all aspects of care; especially access to medicines and drugs. Patients benefits from reduced drug prices for certain medicines and not all (Li et al., 2018). Further, the roll out of the policy is not even across all regions in the country for effective access and accruing of its benefits.
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)	Social determinants of health impact the universal health coverage efforts in the U.S. as they allow one to have access or not to health services. Millions of Americans from low-income and racial minorities did not have insurance before the ACA in 2010 because of affordability. However, the enactment of ACA has enabled even those from low-income households to access healthcare. Over 25 million have enrolled on the different plans under the ACA. The social determinants of health like income have been addressed through the ACA implementation.	Social determinants impact health insurance coverage since individuals fail to take health coverage due to income, level of education because of limited information on their viability, and community settings. In China, the unemployed and the poor, especially in rural parts of the country, could not afford medical or health insurance due to costs of drugs and other services (Ding & Wu, 2018). The current policy ensures that individuals can have access to drugs and other care services.
How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?	The need to increase access to health through UHC implementation is essential for many nations across the world. The ACA focuses on reducing overall costs of care for individuals and families, improving access, and bettering the quality of care.	The Chinese government has centralized healthcare aspects as a critical component of expanding the nation’s overall health and better productivity (Ding & Wu, 2018). The government’s efforts on universal health are part of its overall health reform agenda aimed at ensuring that all Chinese nationals have quality care.
How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)	The ACA ensures that Americans access quality and affordable care which is essential in preventing infectious diseases and providing primary health interventions. Through this approach, the global population is safe from contracting contagious diseases due to reduced chances of transmission and spread.	The NEMP and UHC in China provide a framework for people to access essential medications and services. The policy helps global population from spreading disease and ensures that all have access to primary care interventions.
Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country.	The ACA focuses on reforms and institution of innovative delivery models which expand the role of nurses in healthcare. These models like value-based purchasing, and nurse managed organizations mean that nurses have more roles and responsibilities (Corless et al., 2018). The policy expands the role of nurses as primary care providers.	The NEMP policy allows nurses to prescribe medications and have increased responsibilities that include patient education (Tao et al., 2020). Nurses must also help physicians diagnose and order tests for their patients as part of increasing accessibility to healthcare.
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)	Global health issues have significant impact on local health organizations and policies in the U.S. For instance, the need for UHC is a global health issue as well as emergence of infectious diseases like COVID-19 pandemic which require vaccination and an international response (Ding & Wu, 2018). These issues impact local policies as WHO implores nations to develop UHC programs to enhance access to healthcare.	Local entities implement the policies recommended and ensure that diseases do not spread to other parts of their world (Tao et al., 2020). These policies also reduce the cost of healthcare in China through government interventions and mandates on drugs and other components.
General Notes/Comments	The ACA policy aims at increasing access to healthcare, reducing the cost of care, and improving care quality. Through these approaches, the ACA can help the country have universal health coverage as recommended by the World Health Organization.	The policy is critical in efforts by the Chinese government to attain UHC for all its nationals and demonstrates a commitment towards the goal. More interventions are critical to cementing the benefits of the policy towards UHC.

Part 2: Narrative Statement

Social change is the deliberate effort and process that aims at creating and using ideas and actions to promote communities’ development. Nurses are patients’ and nursing profession’s advocates and need a global perspective to improve patient education and awareness about the need for access to health through health insurance coverage.

Incorporation of a global perspective in addressing health issues in my local practice and my role as a leader is important.

            The global perspective provides a wider picture of issues facing healthcare and allows nurses to integrate best practices to improve access, reduce costs and better the quality of care. Through the use of a global perspective, I will incorporate effective approaches to enhance access and implore local leaders to enact effective policies. Further, a global perspective influences my practice by encouraging the implementation of quality care through the use of evidence-based practice interventions. The approach will also allow me to encourage my colleagues to implement similar interventions.

The integration of a global perspective shows and contributes to social change in various ways for nurses and nurse leaders. Firstly, it implies nurses assuming the advocacy role and helping in policy development to support patient care. The implication is that nurses help patients to understand their needs, know the social determinants of health and need adhere to preventive care. The social change approach is also essential in showing the need for change and development of effective interventions for health populations, especially those in distress. The implication is that the need for universal health coverage cannot be overemphasized since the benefits of the program are immense, not just for individuals but also professionals in the sector.

Conclusion

The global health matrix and a reflection on social change show the significant role played by nurses and the need to have an international perspective of issues affecting healthcare delivery. Nurse leaders and practitioners should have a global perspective to implement EBP interventions in their practice and educate patients on the importance of primary care interventions. Global health issues impact local health and use of best practices is the core of understanding health aspects for different nations. Nations like China are keen on attaining universal health coverage to reduce the cost of care based on different policy measures.

References

Corless, I. B., Nardi, D., Milstead, J. A., Larson, E., Nokes, K. M., Orsega, S., … & Woith, W. (2018). Expanding nursing’s

role in responding to global pandemics. Nursing outlook, 66(4), 412-415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.06.003

Ding, S. & Wu, J. (2018). The Impact of China’s National Essential Medicine Policy and Its Implications for Urban

            Outpatients: A Multivariate Difference-in-Differences Study. Value in Health, 20:412-419.

doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.10.018

Li, Q., Chen, F., Yang, M., Lu, L., Pan, J., Li, X. & Meng, Q. (2018). The Effect of China’s National Essential Medicine

            Policy on Health Expenses: Evidence from a National Study. Inquiry, 55. 0046958018787057.

 doi: 10.1177/0046958018787057

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett

Learning.

Tao, W., Zeng, Z., Dang, H., Lu, B., Yue, D., Wen, J., Zhao, R., Li, W. & Kominiski, G. (2020). Towards universal health

coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China. BMJ Global Health, 5(3). E002086. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002086.

World Health Organization (WHO) (2022). Universal health coverage and health reform in China.

            https://www.who.int/china/health-topics/universal-health-coverage

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Global Health Comparison Grid Template

Use this document to complete the Module 6 Assessment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement

Global Healthcare Issue

Description

Country United States
Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue

What are the strengths of this policy?

What are the weaknesses of this policy?

Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)

How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?

How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)

Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country.

Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)

General Notes/Comments