Hlt306 advanced patient care topic 5 Assignment

1. Define CAM.

Complementary and alternative medicine is defined by the National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health as a collection of heterogeneous medical and healthcare practices that are currently not contemplated as standard treatment (Stubbe, 2018). Standard treatments are based on research and scientific evidence. The non-mainstream approach is considered complementary or alternative if it is used alongside or instead of conventional treatment.

2. Describe the patient who uses CAM the most.

The use of CAM has been gradually increasing in the United States. It is approximated that about 36% of adults and 12% of children use CAM (Kebede et al., 2021). Nevertheless, the practice is more common among Caucasian females aged 45 to 64 years (Kebede et al., 2021). Similarly, individuals with health insurance, higher income, and education commonly use CAM compared to individuals with low income and education levels (Kebede et al., 2021).

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3. List some common misconceptions about CAM.

A multitude of myths and misconceptions surround CAM. For instance, it is believed that alternative medicine is ineffective while some believe that CAM is superior and works best than the standard treatment. Likewise, CAM as being no more than a placebo and CAM being used by a small minority are both misconceptions.

4. Identify methods of including the use of CAM in patient education.

The incorporation of CAM in patient education is not consistent and no guidelines recommend specific methods. However, simulations, online courses, videos, educational materials, one on one teaching, illustrations, and group discussions may be used to offer patient education.

 

5. Discuss the safe use of CAM.

The safety of most CAM has not been established or rather approved by FDA. For instance, some herbal supplements have been associated with numerous drug-drug interactions as well as contaminated ingredients. Similarly, body manipulations may cause injury if not performed by a skilled and trained therapist. However, according to Lombardi et al. (2019), the majority of healthcare providers find complementary medicine acceptable as long as it is used alongside conventional treatment. Finally, alternative medicine may delay radiation, surgery, chemotherapy, or other standard treatments leading to worsening of disease states.

6. List ways in which conventional medicine and CAM can be integrated.

Integrative medicine employs a combination of conventional medicine, the patient’s inherent capacity for self-healing, and evidence-informed natural healing practices. Integrative medicine ensures optimal integrity and balance of the body through spiritual, emotional, mental, environmental, and physical treatment (Gannotta et al., 2018). Conventional medicine can be integrated with CAM during the treatment of cancer, chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, and persistent pain to ameliorate symptoms and enhance the quality of life through the reduction of pain, anxiety, and fatigue (Gannotta et al., 2018). Such integrative practices include dietary supplements, music therapy, aromatherapy, meditation, and massage therapy among others.

7. Define ethical theories, ethical principles, and values.

Ethical theories refer to systems of thinking and methodologies that guide decision-making. Ethical theories manifest as various viewpoints from which individuals seek guidance while making decisions. Ethical theories include deontology and utilitarianism. Meanwhile, ethical principles refer to the common goal that various ethical theories strive to achieve to become prosperous (Wu et al., 2021). Examples of ethical principles include autonomy, beneficence, and justice. Finally, ethical values refer to the universal rules of conduct that bestow a practical basis for establishing what type of actions, motives, and intentions are valued (Wu et al., 2021).

8. Provide examples of ethical issues in patient education and compliance, and describe ways in which an effective professional/patient relationship and a poor health professional/patient relationship can impact these issues.

Ethical issues must be considered while delivering patient education. Examples of ethical issues in patient education include privacy and confidentiality, documentation, justice, autonomy, respect for patients, beneficence, and nonmaleficence. An effective professional/patient relationship ensures an understanding between the two parties, patients are offered the correct information and patients comply with the treatment. However, poor health professional/patient relationships pose a risk of harm to the patients as patients are unable to make the right decisions regarding their care due to inaccurate information.

9. Explain what is meant by “ethical patient education practices”.

Ethical patient education practices are regarded as the superlative ways patients voluntarily and via accurate information make a resolution to agree and collaborate with the prescribed treatment. In this practice, patients make informed decisions following an open, honest, and formidable discussion with the healthcare professionals regarding their needs.

10. Explain the purpose of informed consent.

Informed consent is a legal and ethical process in which a patient is given substantial information and understandable knowledge relating to the risks, benefits, and alternatives of the desired procedure or intervention (Pietrzykowski & Smilowska, 2021). The purpose of informed consent is to empower the patients to make an informed, rational and valid decision regarding the available interventions (Pietrzykowski & Smilowska, 2021). It, therefore, protects the patient against unnecessary medical interventions.

11. Discuss what factors determine the patient’s ability to give informed consent.

An individual’s capacity to consent is determined by several factors including age. The patient must be of appropriate age to consent. Similarly, the patient must demonstrate comprehension by understanding and retaining information. Likewise, the individual must exhibit decision-making ability by weighing various options. The individual must also communicate the decision made. Consequently, considerable language and cultural barriers, chronic neurologic and psychiatric conditions, low educational level, and inappropriate age may impair one’s ability to make an informed decision.

12. Compose a sample informed consent form.

A sample informed consent should contain the following critical components; details of the patient, condition of the patient, purpose, and nature of the intervention, consequences of the intervention, available alternatives, risks involved, prognosis in the absence of intervention, and immediate and future cost, and the signature of the patient and healthcare provider.

13. Discuss the process of communication to use with the patient and the family when obtaining informed consent.

The purpose of informed consent is to guide the patient to voluntarily make a valid and informed decision regarding the appropriate intervention. Consequently, communication is key. The process of communication involves the formation of a good rapport between the healthcare provider and the patient, active listening, provision of accurate and detailed information regarding the intervention in a simple language and clear format, and finally an opportunity for addressing and clarifying patient’s concerns, and questions.

References

Gannotta, R., Malik, S., Chan, A. Y., Urgun, K., Hsu, F., & Vadera, S. (2018). Integrative medicine as a vital component of patient care. Cureus, 10(8), e3098. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3098

Kebede, E. B., Tan, J., Iftikhar, S., Abu Lebdeh, H. S., Duggirala, M. K., Ghosh, A. K., Croghan, I. T., Jenkins, S. M., Mahapatra, S., Bauer, B. A., & Wahner-Roedler, D. L. (2021). Complementary and alternative medicine use by patients from the Gulf region seen in the international practice of a tertiary care medical center. Global Advances in Health and Medicine, 10, 21649561211010130. https://doi.org/10.1177/21649561211010129

Lombardi, N., Crescioli, G., Bettiol, A., Menniti-Ippolito, F., Maggini, V., Gallo, E., Mugelli, A., Vannacci, A., & Firenzuoli, F. (2019). Safety of complementary and alternative medicine in children: A 16-years retrospective analysis of the Italian Phytovigilance system database. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology, 61(152856), 152856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152856

Pietrzykowski, T., & Smilowska, K. (2021). The reality of informed consent: empirical studies on patient comprehension-systematic review. Trials, 22(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04969-w

Stubbe, D. E. (2018). Complementary and alternative medicine: If you don’t ask, they won’t tell. Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing), 16(1), 60–62. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.20170052

Wu, Y., Howarth, M., Zhou, C., Yang, L., Ye, X., Wang, R., Li, C., Hu, M., & Cong, W. (2021). Ethical considerations referred to in child health research published in leading nursing journals: 2015-2019. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 27(3), e12886. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12886

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Assessment Description
Write a short (50-100-word) paragraph response for each question posed below. Submit this assignment as a Microsoft Word document.

1. Define CAM.
2. Describe the patient who uses CAM the most.
3. List some common misconceptions about CAM.
4. Identify methods of including the use of CAM in patient education.
5. Discuss the safe use of CAM.
6. List ways in which conventional medicine and CAM can be integrated.
7. Define ethical theories, ethical principles, and values.
8. Provide examples of ethical issues in patient education and compliance, and describe ways in which an effective professional/patient relationship and a poor health professional/patient relationship can impact these issues.
9. Explain what is meant by “ethical patient education practices”.
10. Explain the purpose of informed consent.
11. Discuss what factors determine the patient’s ability to give informed consent.
12. Compose a sample informed consent form.
13. Discuss the process of communication to use with the patient and the family when obtaining informed consent.

Rubric for HW

40 points each

• Created short paragraph (50-100 word minimum) response for each question and addressed each part of the question. (the question does not count toward the word count) –/ 10 points
• Research: Demonstrated accuracy, thoughtful detail and intelligence with each answer and was written in own words and had original thought. -10 pts
• Critical thinking: Original Examples are provided to explain answer. (Example:) Student has original and critical thinking:-10 pts
• Created APA formatted document.

1. Included APA title page. 1/
2. Included APA in-text citations – 5/

• APA reference page at the end. –3 pts/ 9 points total
• Homework has questions written out, numbered and are in order. ( See student Success center for details on APA formatting) – 1 point