Maladaptive Perfectionism as a Mediator and Moderator Between Adult Attachment and Depressive Mood Essay

Maladaptive Perfectionism as a Mediator and Moderator Between Adult Attachment and Depressive Mood Essay

 A recent study published in the article, “Telebehavioral Health (TBH) Use Among Rural Medicaid Beneficiaries: Relationships with Telehealth Policies” aimed to identify the relationships between TBH use and telehealth policies among rural Medicaid beneficiaries. The study found that, overall, TBH utilization was low. However, when beneficiaries lived in states with more liberal telehealth policies, they were more likely to use TBH services. The study’s authors suggest that policymakers should consider developing more liberal telehealth policies to increase access to TBH services for rural Medicaid beneficiaries. They also recommend that future research focus on understanding the factors that influence rural Medicaid beneficiaries’ decision to use or not use TBH services. The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the article, “Telebehavioral Health (TBH) Use Among Rural Medicaid Beneficiaries: Relationships with Telehealth Policies” by including discussion on the key variables, validity and reliability of the reported statistics, strengths and limitations.

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Key Variables in The Selected Article

The key variables in the article include Telebehavioral Health (TBH) Use and telehealth policies. The main objective of the research is to determine the relationship between the two variables, where Telebehavioral Health (TBH) was the independent variable while telehealth polices was the dependent variable. Rural Medicaid beneficiaries is another variable that was applied in the study. The study found that overall, there was no significant relationship between TBH use and telehealth policies. However, when the researchers looked at specific policies, they found that rural Medicaid beneficiaries who lived in states with Medicaid policies that allowed for reimbursement of TBH services were more likely to use TBH services than those in states without such a policy. Reimbursement policies were the only type of policy found to be significantly associated with TBH use. The authors suggest that this may be because reimbursement policies are more likely to reflect the value that a state place on TBH services.

Validity and Reliability Reported Statistics for the Article

The reported statistics from the article are valid and reliable. Based on the research methodologies and approaches that have been used in the study, the results are statistically significant, enhancing validity and reliability. The first section of the paper discusses methodological issues such as validity and reliability. The second section presents the results from the study. The third section interprets the findings, and finally, implications for research and practice are discussed. Hence the outcomes of the research are reliable and valid. In other words, the study found that, overall, TBH was used by a small percentage of participants (2.8%). However, when looking specifically at those who lived in rural areas, that number increased to 6.7%. The study also found that there was a positive correlation between states with more robust telehealth policies and higher rates of TBH use. In other words, states with more supportive telehealth policies had higher rates of TBH utilization among Medicaid beneficiaries. These statistics are reliable and valid based on the methodological approaches that have been applied in the research.

Threats to Internal Validity Found in the Study

When conducting research, it is important to be aware of all potential threats to the validity of your study. This includes internal validity, which refers to the extent to which the results of your study are accurate and free from bias. There are a number of ways that internal validity can be threatened, so it is essential to carefully consider all of these when designing and conducting your research (Vollert et al., 2020). Some common threats include Selection Bias, Information Bias, and Confounding Variables.

From the research article given, some potential threats to internal validity that were found include: – Selection bias (i.e., the study participants may have been different from the general population in some way). Selection bias always occurs when the participants in the study are not representative of the population they are trying to generalize to: Observer bias (i.e., the researchers may have unintentionally influenced the results of the study); Experimenter bias (i.e., the researchers may have had a personal preference for one outcome over another); Hawthorne effect (i.e., participants may have changed their behaviour or performance because they were aware they were being studied); Mortality bias (i.e., surviving participants may have been different from those who died during the study).

The Strengths and Limitations of the Multivariate Models

Used in the Selected Article

The article used generalized estimating equations (marginal models) to examine how odds of TBH use were related to informed consent, facility fees, and the interaction between these variables after adjusting for covariates. Marginal models have both strengths and limitations. Strengths include: Marginal models are very efficient, meaning that they can be fit quickly and using limited data; They are also relatively easy to understand, making them a good choice for practical applications (Leyrat et al., 2021). Marginal models can be extended to include additional explanatory variables (also known as “regression splines”), which can improve their predictive accuracy. Limitations include: Because marginal models are based on averages, they may not be accurate in predicting the behavior of individuals; They also cannot account for interactions between variables, which can sometimes be important in predicting behavior.

 Conclusion

Telebehavioral health (TBH) use among rural Medicaid beneficiaries appears to be related to states’ telehealth policies, according to a new study. The study, published in the Journal of Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, looked at data from the 2013 and 2014 National Inpatient Samples. The researchers found that TBH use was highest in states with “Facility Licensing” policies, which allow care to be provided across state lines. It was also higher in states with “Private Payor” policies, which reimburse providers for telehealth services. The study’s lead author says these findings suggest that policy decisions about telehealth can have a significant impact on access to care for rural Medicaid patients.

References

Leyrat, C., Carpenter, J. R., Bailly, S., & Williamson, E. J. (2021). Common methods for handling missing data in marginal structural models: what works and why. American Journal of Epidemiology, 190(4), 663-672. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaa225

Talbot, J. A., Jonk, Y. C., Burgess, A. R., Thayer, D., Ziller, E., Paluso, N., & Coburn, A. F. (2020). Telebehavioral health (TBH) use among rural medicaid beneficiaries: Relationships with telehealth policies. Journal of Rural Mental Health, 44(4), 217. https://doi.org/10.1037/rmh0000160

Vollert, J., Schenker, E., Macleod, M., Bespalov, A., Wuerbel, H., Michel, M., … & Rice, A. S. (2020). Systematic review of guidelines for internal validity in the design, conduct and analysis of preclinical biomedical experiments involving laboratory animals. BMJ Open Science, 4(1), e100046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjos-2019-100046

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Assessment Description
In preparation for this assignment, read the Telebehavioral Health (TBH) Use Among Rural Medicaid Beneficiaries: Relationships With Telehealth Policies article located in the Topic 3 Resources.

Write a 750-1,000-word paper about your selected article. Be sure to include the following in your paper:

A discussion about the key variables in the selected article
Identify the validity and reliability reported statistics for the article
The particular threats to internal validity that were found in the study
The strengths and limitations of the multivariate models used in the selected article
A reference and in-text citations for the selected article as well as one additional reference
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

This assignment is informed by the following CACREP Standard:

2.F.8.i. Analysis and use of data in counseling.