NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Essay

NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Essay

NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Essay

The topic of interest for the research is pressure injuries related to inability to move parts and stroke. Pressure injuries occur when there is constant pressure on a certain area of the body. This can be due to remaining in one position for too long, being bedridden, or having a stroke and not being able to move parts of the body. Pressure injuries can cause skin and tissue damage, which can lead to infection and even death (Jaul et al., 2018). Treatment includes resting the affected area, elevating the body part if possible, and applying dressings or bandages as prescribed by a doctor. Prevention includes moving around regularly, avoiding staying in one position for too long, and getting help to change positions if unable to do so by oneself.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE ON; NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Essay

There are a few reasons why I am interested in researching the topic of pressure injuries in relation to inability to move parts and stroke. First, they are extremely common, affecting an estimated 2 million to 3 million people in the U.S. each year. Second, they can be quite serious, leading to pain, infection, and even death in some cases. Third, they are preventable in many cases if the right precautions are taken. This makes pressure injuries an important topic of study for nurses like me who want to learn how to prevent them. The latest research into the causes and prevention of pressure injuries can help nurses develop better treatment plans and improve the quality of care they provide their patients (Tracey et al., 2022). The purpose of this assignment is to write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two quantitative research studies to be used in answering the PICOT question.

PICOT Question

For nursing elderly residents with immobility (P), does nutrition and repositioning (I) prevent pressure injuries (O) compared to those without good nutrition and frequent position changes (C) in a hospitalization period of six months?

Quantitative Article 1

Tracey, Y., Susan, H., Phoebe, S., Zheng, T., Bergstrom, N., Cathleen, C., Valarie, S., Jenny, A., Winston, Y., & Kennerly, S., (2022). Effect of Varying Repositioning Frequency and Pressure Injury Prevention in Nursing Home Residents. Advance in Skin and Wound Care: June 2022 – volume 35 – Issue 6 – p 315-325. 10. 1097/01.ASW.0000817840

Background Article 1

The study set out to investigate the effect of varying repositioning frequency on pressure injury prevention in nursing home residents. The study found that a higher repositioning frequency was associated with a decreased incidence of pressure injuries. The main clinical problem that led to this study is the increased cases of pressure injuries among nursing home residents that interfere with the quality of treatment processes (Tracey et al., 2022). Besides, the research problem that led to the study is lack of appropriate guidelines which can recommend the exact time for repositioning to nursing home residents to prevent pressure injuries.

The authors of the study determined the significance of their findings by comparing the results to a previous study that looked at the same topic. The authors felt that their study offered more robust results because it used a larger sample size. The readers should care about this study because it provides insights to the effect of varying repositioning frequency on pressure injury prevention in nursing home residents. In other words, the article provides relevant and conclusive information on pressure injury prevention approaches in healthcare organizations. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of varying repositioning frequency and pressure injury prevention in nursing home residents (Tracey et al., 2022). The main research question from the study was: what are the effects of varying repositioning frequency and pressure injury prevention in nursing home residents? The purpose and the research questions were related to the research problem which was the pressure injuries in relation to inability to move body parts and stroke. From the study, the authors stated both the null and alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis is always stated in a negative statement (Mertens & Recker, 2020). From the study, the null hypothesis was that there was no increase in PrI rates when extending the repositioning interval to 3 or 4 hours.

Quantitative Article 2

Ba’ Pham, Anita, S., Wendong, C., Beate, S., Ava, J., Hla-Hla, T., Tara, G., Walter, P., Ahmed, B., Marcio, M., Steven, C., & Murray, K., (2011). Preventing Pressure Ulcers in Long-term Care: A Cost-Effective Analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(20):1839-1847. 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.473

Background Article 2

The main clinical problem that led to the study is increasing costs of healthcare services attributed to pressure ulcers in long term care. In addition, the research problem that led to the study is the increasing cases of pressure ulcers that continues to interfere with the healthcare provision. The authors established the significance of the study by performing a literature review to identify studies that had assessed the effectiveness and cost of prevention measures for pressure ulcers. They then used a decision analytic model to compare the costs and outcomes of two intervention strategies: using low-air-loss mattresses versus using sheepskin overlay mattresses. The purpose of the study was to estimate the costs associated with pressure ulcers among nursing home residents in the United States (Ba’ Pham et al., 2011). The study was significant in that it provided a detailed and accurate estimate of the cost of pressure ulcers, which can help policy makers create more effective prevention strategies. The main research question from the article was: what are the costs associated with pressure ulcers among nursing home residents in the United States? The purpose and the research questions were related to the problem identified in the research process, increasing costs of healthcare services attributed to pressure ulcers in long term care. The authors did not cite a hypothesis in the research process.

Relationship to Nursing Practice

This study provided evidenced-based pressure ulcer prevention strategies which is linked to the PICOT question. Article 1 will help answer the question of how best to prevent pressure ulcers in long-term care by looking at the cost-effectiveness of two interventions: a skin cream and an alternating pressure mattress. The authors note that, as pressure ulcers can often be quite expensive to treat, it is important to find interventions that are both effective and cost-effective. They conclude that, based on their findings, using a skin cream is more likely to be cost-effective than using an alternating pressure mattress (Ba’ Pham et al., 2011). Also, the findings will be applied in addressing different aspects of the question.

Findings from Article 2 will be applied to address the aspect of the PICOT question that is concerned with preventing pressure ulcers in long-term care. In both studies, the interventions are compared to a control group that does not receive the intervention. This allows researchers to measure how effective the interventions are in comparison to usual care or no intervention.

Method of Study- Article 1

The study was a randomized controlled trial, a form of experimental study that measured the effectiveness of an intervention in the treatment process. Researchers revealed the type of study in the methodology section. The sample size used in the study was 992 elderly patients from selected nursing homes. Besides, a sample size of 992 allows us to detect differences between groups that are as small as 3.5%. This level of precision is necessary to account for the variability that exists in human populations. It also allows us to be reasonably confident in the results of the study (Tracey et al., 2022). Standard documentation in an electronic health record tools were used in the data collection process. The researchers sorted the data based on date from which they were recorded and the age of patients. The process of data analysis involved the use of SAS. There was the analysis of Intervention Outcomes, differences in baseline and intervention Risk, and power analysis. In order to control for bias during data analysis, the study team implemented a series of rigorous quality assurance and control procedures. These measures included randomization of patients to treatment groups, blinding of study personnel and patients to treatment allocation, and use of a central adjudication committee that was unaware of patient treatment allocation to adjudicate outcome events.

The main benefits of the experimental study method are that it allows researchers to isolate the effects of a specific factor on an outcome, and to measure participant responses more accurately. The main limitations of the experimental study method are its rigidity (participants can only be exposed to the factor being studied in a controlled setting) and its expense (McNiff & Petrick, n.d). Additionally, the experimental study method cannot be used to measure all outcomes – for example, social effects – and it is not always possible to replicate results in other settings.

The experimental study method was appropriate for what the researchers wanted to learn because it allowed them to isolate and control the variables that they were studying. By using a controlled experiment, the researchers were able to eliminate outside factors that could have potentially influenced their results. This is important because it allows scientists to draw conclusions about the specific variables that they are studying, and it helps to rule out any potential alternative explanations for their findings (McNiff & Petrick, n.d). The experimental approach also allowed researchers to control variables and to get answers to their research questions.

Method of Study- Article 2

The research is a correlational study involving the use of cohort. The researchers did not clearly state the type of the study. The method of the study was deducted from the textbook definition and the ways the researcher collected data. The sample size was 364 which consisted of patients in the long-term care facilities. A sample size of 364 is not large enough to be representative of the general population. A larger sample size is needed in order to make any generalizations about the population at large. A sample size of 1,000 would be considered more appropriate for most research studies (McNiff & Petrick, n.d). With a sample size that small, there’s too much room for error. Questionnaires were used as data tools. During the collection of data the study used two prospective point prevalence surveys. The first, prior to application of intervention and the second was after an intervention is done. The researchers sorted the data based on the dates and the facilities/study areas involved in the study. The results were analyzed based on the validated Markov model that compared current prevention practice with the identified quality improvement strategies. The bias in this study was controlled through randomization of the data collection process.

A correlational study is a type of scientific study that observes two variables and assesses the extent to which they are associated with one another. The advantage of this approach is that it can provide valuable information about potential relationships between phenomena in the real world. However, it is important to note that correlation does not imply causation. This means that just because two variables are found to be correlated does not mean that one variable causes the other (McNiff & Petrick, n.d). There could be any number of factors influencing the relationship between the two variables. For this reason, correlational studies should always be interpreted with caution.

The correlational method is appropriate for what the researchers wanted to learn because it allows them to measure the strength of a relationship between two variables, without having to manipulate one of the variables (McNiff & Petrick, n.d). This type of study can be useful for identifying potential relationships between two variables, but it cannot be used to determine whether one variable causes another variable. The correlational approach was appropriate when it comes to the identification of the potential relationships between two variables under the study and to answer the research question.

Ethical Considerations- Study 1 and 2

The researchers protected participants from the two studies by maintaining confidentiality of information, obtaining consent, and removing personal identifiers. Maintaining confidentiality of information means that the researchers did not share any information about the study participants with anyone who was not involved in the study. Obtaining consent meant that all of the study participants gave their permission to take part in the study and allowed the researchers to use their data (McNiff & Petrick, n.d). Removing personal identifiers meant that the researchers removed any information that could identify the participants, such as their name or address. This ensured that the participants remained anonymous and that their data could not be linked back to them.

Combined Results of the Studies 

According to the study “Preventing Pressure Ulcers in Long-term Care: A Cost-Effective Analysis” by Ba’ P. Pham et al. (2011), the most effective interventions for preventing pressure ulcers were as follows: -Use of a prevention bundle including repositioning, skin care, and support surface use; -Use of a prevention bundle including repositioning, skin care, and heel protectors; and -Use of a prevention bundle including repositioning, skin care, and low-air-loss mattresses. The study also found that using low-air-loss mattresses was more cost effective than using sheepskin overlay mattresses in preventing pressure ulcers in long-term care facilities (Pham et al., 2011). In other words, they found that, although the initial investment in low-air-loss mattresses is higher, the long-term savings associated with preventing pressure ulcers justifies the investment.

The study by Tracey et al. (2022) aimed to determine the effect of varying repositioning frequency and pressure injury prevention in nursing home residents. The study found that participants who were repositioned less frequently experienced a higher incidence of pressure injuries. In addition, the study found that participants who received more pressure care had a lower incidence of pressure injuries. The authors of the study determined the significance of their findings by comparing the results to a previous study that looked at the same topic. The previous study found no difference in incidence rates between individuals who were repositioned more or less frequently. Finally, authors found that pressure injuries can be reduced through the use of a pressure mapping system to monitor cushions and then adjust repositioning frequency accordingly (Tracey et al., 2022). The study also found that when the repositioning frequency was varied, there was no significant difference in the incidence of pressure injuries between groups. This suggests that nurses can safely reduce the number of manual repositioning interventions without increasing the risk of pressure injuries.

The two studies on managing pressure injuries provide valuable insights that could help to improve the management of such injuries in clinical settings. Together, these studies provide strong evidence that both preventive measures and timely intervention are important in managing pressure injuries (Tracey et al., 2022). Clinicians should therefore ensure that they are familiar with and use relevant prevention protocols, and take swift action when signs of a pressure injury are detected.

Conclusion

    The topic of interest for the research is pressure injuries related to inability to move parts and stroke. Pressure injuries occur when there is constant pressure on a certain area of the body. This can be due to remaining in one position for too long, being bedridden, or having a stroke and not being able to move parts of the body. The purpose of this assignment was to write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two quantitative research studies to be used in answering the PICOT question. The two studies on managing pressure injuries provide valuable insights that could help to improve the management of such injuries in clinical settings.

References

Ba’ Pham, Anita, S., Wendong, C., Beate, S., Ava, J., Hla-Hla, T., Tara, G., Walter, P., Ahmed, B., Marcio, M., Steven, C., & Murray, K., (2011). Preventing Pressure Ulcers in Long-term Care: A Cost-Effective Analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(20):1839-1847. 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.473

Jaul, E., Barron, J., Rosenzweig, J. P., & Menczel, J. (2018). An overview of co-morbidities and the development of pressure ulcers among older adults. BMC Geriatrics, 18(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0997-7

McNiff, P. & Petrick, M. (n.d.). Quantitative research: Ethics, theory, and research in Helbig, J. (n.d.) History and process of nursing research, evidence-based nursing practice and quantitative and qualitative research. From: https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs433v/nursing-research-understanding-methods-for-best-practice/v1.1/#/chapter/3

Mertens, W., & Recker, J. (2020). New guidelines for null hypothesis significance testing in hypothetico-deductive IS research. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 21(4), 1. https://aisel.aisnet.org/jais/vol21/iss4/1

Tracey, Y., Susan, H., Phoebe, S., Zheng, T., Bergstrom, N., Cathleen, C., Valarie, S., Jenny, A., Winston, Y., & Kennerly, S., (2022). Effect of Varying Repositioning Frequency and Pressure Injury Prevention in Nursing Home Residents. Advance in skin and wound care: June 2022 – volume 35 – Issue 6 – p 315-325. 10. 1097/01.ASW.0000817840

BUY A CUSTOM- PAPER HERE ON; NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Essay

Assessment Description
Write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two quantitative research studies. Use the “Research Critique Guidelines – Part II” document to organize your essay. Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide a rationale, include examples, and reference content from the study in your responses.
Use the practice problem and two quantitative, peer-reviewed research articles you identified in the Topic 1 assignment to complete this assignment.
In a 1,000–1,250 word essay, summarize two quantitative studies, explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.
You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
Attachments
NRS-433V-RS3-ResearchCritiqueGuideline

Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations – Rubric
Criteria Description
Quantitative Studies
5. : Excellent
9.5 points
Two articles are presented. Both articles are based on quantitative research.
4. 4: Good
8.93 points
N/A
3. 3: Satisfactory
7.89 points
N/A
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
7.13 points
Two articles are presented. Of the articles presented, only one article is based on quantitative research.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Only one article is presented. Neither of the articles presented use quantitative research.
Criteria Description
Background of Study
5. : Excellent
19 points
Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.
4. 4: Good
17.86 points
Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is complete and includes relevant details and explanation.
3. 3: Satisfactory
15.77 points
Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
14.25 points
Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is included but lacks relevant details and explanation.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is incomplete.
Criteria Description
Article Support of Nursing Practice
5. : Excellent
28.5 points
A clear discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate strong support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles strongly compare to those identified in the PICOT question.
4. 4: Good
26.79 points
A discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in the PICOT question. Minor detail or rational is needed for clarity or support.
3. 3: Satisfactory
23.65 points
A general discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate general support in answering the proposed PICOT question. It is unclear how the interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in the PICOT question. Some rational or information is needed.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
21.38 points
A summary of how articles support the PICOT question is presented. It is unclear how the articles can be used to answer the proposed PICOT question. Significant information and detail is required.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is incomplete.
Criteria Description
Method of Study
5. : Excellent
28.5 points
A thorough discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is described in detail. A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented. The discussion demonstrates a solid understanding of research methods.
4. 4: Good
26.79 points
A discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is generally described. A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented. There minor are inaccuracies. Some detail is required for accuracy or clarity.
3. 3: Satisfactory
23.65 points
A general discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is summarized. A benefit and a limitation of each method are summarized. There some inaccuracies or partial omissions. More information is needed.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
21.38 points
A partial summary of the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is incomplete. A benefit and a limitation of each method are omitted or incomplete. There are significant inaccuracies.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Discussion on the method of study for each article is omitted. The comparison of study methods is omitted or incomplete.
Criteria Description
Results of Study
5. : Excellent
28.5 points
Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.
4. 4: Good
26.79 points
Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is complete and includes relevant details and explanation.
3. 3: Satisfactory
23.65 points
Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is generally presented. Overall, the discussion includes some relevant details and explanation.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
21.38 points
A summary of the study results includes findings and implications for nursing practice but lacks relevant details and explanation. There are some omissions or inaccuracies.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is incomplete.
Criteria Description
Anticipated Outcomes and Outcomes Comparison
5. : Excellent
28.5 points
Anticipated outcomes for the PICOT are thoroughly discussed. A detailed comparison of research article outcomes to the anticipated outcomes of the PICOT is presented. An explanation of how the anticipated outcomes of the PICOT and those of the current research mentioned compare is presented in detail.
4. 4: Good
26.79 points
Anticipated outcomes for the PICOT are discussed. A comparison of research article outcomes to anticipated outcomes of the PICOT is presented. An explanation of how the anticipated outcomes of the PICOT and those of the current research mentioned compare is presented. Some detail is needed for clarity.
3. 3: Satisfactory
23.65 points
Anticipated outcomes for the PICOT are summarized. Comparison of research article outcomes to anticipated outcomes is generally presented. More information is needed to fully establish how the anticipated outcomes of the PICOT and those of the current research mentioned compare.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
21.38 points
Anticipated outcomes for the PICOT are partially summarized. Comparison of research article outcomes to anticipated outcomes contains omissions of key information. It is unclear how the anticipated outcomes of the PICOT and those of the current research mentioned compare.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Anticipated outcomes for the PICOT are omitted or are unrealistic. Comparison of research article outcomes to anticipated outcomes is incomplete.
Criteria Description
Thesis Development and Purpose
5. : Excellent
9.5 points
Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
4. 4: Good
8.93 points
Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.
3. 3: Satisfactory
7.89 points
Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
7.13 points
Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.
Criteria Description
Argument Logic and Construction
5. : Excellent
9.5 points
Argument is clear and convincing and presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.
4. 4: Good
8.93 points
Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.
3. 3: Satisfactory
7.89 points
Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
7.13 points
Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.
Criteria Description
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
5. : Excellent
9.5 points
Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
4. 4: Good
8.93 points
Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.
3. 3: Satisfactory
7.89 points
Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
7.13 points
Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.
Criteria Description
Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
5. : Excellent
9.5 points
All format elements are correct.
4. 4: Good
8.93 points
Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.
3. 3: Satisfactory
7.89 points
Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
7.13 points
Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.
Criteria Description
Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)
5. : Excellent
9.5 points
Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.
4. 4: Good
8.93 points
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.
3. 3: Satisfactory
7.89 points
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
7.13 points
Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Sources are not documented.
Total 190 points