NRS 433 Topic 3

Assignment: Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

NRS 433 Topic 3 Assessment Description

In this assignment, you will write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two quantitative research studies.

Use the practice problem and two quantitative, peer-reviewed research articles you identified in the Topic 1 assignment (or two new articles based on instructor feedback in Topic 1) to complete this assignment.

In a 1,000–1,250-word essay, summarize two quantitative studies.

Use the “Research Critique Guidelines – Part II” document to organize your essay.

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NRS 433 Topic 3 You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

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NRS 433 Topic 3 Rubric

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Rubric Criteria

Total190 points

Criterion

1. Unsatisfactory

2. Insufficient

3. Approaching

4. Acceptable

5. Target

Quantitative Studies

Quantitative Studies

0 points

Only one article is presented. Neither of the articles presented use quantitative research.

7.13 points

Two articles are presented. Of the articles presented, only one article is based on quantitative research.

7.51 points

N/A

8.46 points

N/A
9.5 points

Two articles are presented. Both articles are based on quantitative research.

Introduction of Nursing Practice Problem, Purpose and Picot Question

Introduction of Nursing Practice Problem, Purpose and Picot Question
0 points

Introduction of the nursing practice problem, purpose of the essay, or PICOT question is not included.

7.13 points

Introduction does not include a clear description of the nursing practice problem and purpose of the essay. NRS 433 Topic 3  The PICOT question is not clearly written and is missing some of the necessary elements.

7.51 points

Introduction includes a basic description of the nursing practice problem and purpose of the essay. The PICOT question is present.
8.46 points

Introduction includes the nursing practice problem and purpose of the essay in a clear manner. The PICOT question is clear and includes all elements.
9.5 points

Introduction includes the nursing practice problem and purpose of the essay in a comprehensive manner. The PICOT question is concise, accurately written, and includes all elements.

Background of Studies

Background of Studies
0 points

Background of studies, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is not included.

7.13 points

Background of studies, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is not clearly written and lacks information.
7.51 points

Background of studies, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation.
8.46 points

Background of studies, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is complete and includes relevant details.

9.5 points

Background of studies, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is thorough with substantial relevant details and an extensive explanation.

Articles Support of Nursing Practice Problem

Articles Support of Nursing Practice Problem
0 points

A discussion on how articles support the PICOT question and how the interventions and comparison groups compare to those identified in the PICOT question is not included.

18.53 points

A discussion on how articles support the PICOT question and how the interventions and comparison groups compare to those identified in the PICOT question is unclear or lacking information.

19.51 points

A discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate general support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles generally compare to those identified in the PICOT question.
21.98 points

A discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in the PICOT question.
24.7 points

A thorough discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate strong support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles strongly compare to those identified in the PICOT question.

Method of Studies

Method of Studies
0 points

A discussion on the method of study for each article is not included.

19.95 points

A partial discussion on the method of study for each article and the comparison of study methods is presented. A benefit and a limitation of each method are omitted or incomplete. There are significant inaccuracies.

21.01 points

A general discussion on the method of study for each article and the comparison of study methods is presented. NRS 433 Topic 3 A benefit and a limitation of each method are included but the description is general.
23.67 points

A detailed discussion on the method of study for each article and the comparison of study methods is presented. A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented.
26.6 points

A thorough discussion on the method of study for each article and the comparison of study methods is presented. A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented. The discussion demonstrates a solid understanding of research methods.

Results of Studies

Results of Studies
0 points

A discussion of the results of each study, including key findings and implications for nursing practice, is not included.

19.95 points

A discussion of the results of each study, including key findings and implications for nursing practice, is unclear and incomplete.

21.01 points

A general discussion of the results of each study, including key findings and implications for nursing practice, is included.
23.67 points

A discussion of the results of each study, including key findings and implications for nursing practice is complete and includes relevant details and supporting explanation.
26.6 points

A discussion of the results of each study, including key findings and implications for nursing practice, is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.

Ethical Considerations

Ethical Considerations
0 points

Ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is not included. Discussion of how the researchers accounted for ethical considerations is not included.
19.95 points

Ethical considerations when conducting nursing research unclear. Discussion of how the researchers accounted for ethical considerations is incomplete.

21.01 points

Ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is discussed in basic manner. Discussion of how the researchers accounted for ethical considerations is included.

23.67 points

Ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is clearly discussed. Discussion of how the researchers accounted for ethical considerations is through.

26.6 points

Ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is comprehensively discussed. Discussion of how the researchers accounted for ethical considerations is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.

Thesis, Position, or Purpose

Communicates reason for writing and demonstrates awareness of audience.

0 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is not discernible. No awareness of the appropriate audience is evident.

9.98 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is unfocused or confused. NRS 433 Topic 3 There is very little awareness of the intended audience.

10.51 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is discernable in most aspects but is occasionally weak or unclear. There is limited awareness of the appropriate audience.
11.84 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is adequately presented. An awareness of the appropriate audience is demonstrated.
13.3 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is clearly communicated throughout and clearly directed to a specific audience.

Development, Structure, and Conclusion

Advances position or purpose throughout writing; conclusion aligns to and evolves from development.
0 points

No advancement of the thesis, position, or purpose is evident. Connections between paragraphs are missing or inappropriate. No conclusion is offered.
9.98 points

Writing lacks logical progression of the thesis, position, or purpose. Some organization is attempted, but ideas are disconnected. Conclusion is unclear and not supported by the overall development of the purpose.

10.51 points

Limited advancement of thesis, position, or purpose is discernable. There are inconsistencies in organization or the relationship of ideas. Conclusion is simplistic and not fully aligned to the development of the purpose.
11.84 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is advanced in most aspects. Ideas clearly build on each other. Conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.

13.3 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is logically advanced throughout. The progression of ideas is coherent and unified. A clear and logical conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.

Evidence

Selects and integrates evidence to support and advance position/purpose; considers other perspectives.
0 points

Evidence to support the thesis, position, or purpose is absent. The writing relies entirely on the perspective of the writer.

8.55 points

Evidence is limited or irrelevant. The interpretation of other perspectives is superficial or incorrect.
9.01 points

Evidence is used but is insufficient or of limited relevance. Simplistic explanation or integration of other perspectives is present.

10.15 points

Relevant evidence that includes other perspectives is used.
11.4 points

Specific and appropriate evidence is included. Relevant perspectives of others are clearly considered.

Mechanics of Writing

Includes spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, language use, sentence structure, etc.

0 points

Errors in grammar or syntax are pervasive and impede meaning. Incorrect language choice or sentence structure errors are found throughout.

8.55 points

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors are present. NRS 433 Topic 3 Inconsistencies in language choice or sentence structure are recurrent.
9.01 points

Occasional mechanical errors are present. Language choice is generally appropriate. Varied sentence structure is attempted.

10.15 points

Few mechanical errors are present. Suitable language choice and sentence structure are used.

11.4 points

No mechanical errors are present. Appropriate language choice and sentence structure are used throughout.

Format/Documentation

Uses appropriate style, such as APA, MLA, etc., for college, subject, and level; documents sources using citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., appropriate to assignment and discipline.

0 points

Appropriate format is not used. No documentation of sources is provided.

5.7 points

Appropriate format is attempted, but some elements are missing. Frequent errors in documentation of sources are evident.

6 points

Appropriate format and documentation are used, although there are some obvious errors.

6.76 points

Appropriate format and documentation are used with only minor errors.
7.6 points

No errors in formatting or documentation are present.

NRS 433 Topic 3 Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Sample

Healthcare organizations should be safe places for all patients, irrespective of race, gender, health conditions, and other factors. As a result, nursing practitioners should foster a culture of safety by preventing health hazards and implementing evidence-based interventions. Patient falls are a significant practice problem associated with patient injuries, increased hospitalizations, and mental anguish among patients (Chandrasekaran et al., 2021). Preventing patient falls should be prioritized in hospitals to improve outcomes for patients, care providers, and organizations. Due to their reduced physical strength, mental disorders, and chronic diseases, older adults are at a higher risk of patient falls (National Institute on Aging, 2023). In response, healthcare facilities implement multimodal interventions to prevent this problem, which has been extensively studied qualitatively. This paper aims to critically appraise two qualitative studies evaluating the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions to reduce patient falls among older adults.

PICOT Question: Among hospitalized older adults (P), can exercise-based therapy (I) compared to usual care (I) reduce patient falls by 50% (O) in six months (T)?

NRS 433 Topic 3 Background of Studies

Patient falls are a threat that no care facility should overlook. In the first qualitative article, Cederbom et al. (2022) demonstrated patient falls as a health risk that requires multifaceted and proactive prevention measures as the number of older adults continues to increase. The problem is significant to nursing since patient falls are a leading cause of functional deterioration and morbidity that increases health and social services expenditure among older adults (Rikkonen et al., 2023; Cederbom et al., 2022). To expand research on practical interventions for preventing patient falls, Cederbom et al. (2022) evaluated physical therapists (PTs) experiences with applying the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) among home-dwelling older adults. The objective was to examine the outcomes associated with the program and whether it can be applied in other settings. Researchers aimed to answer the question: what is the applicability of OEP among home-dwelling older adults depending on formal care? In the other article, Arkkukangas et al. (2021) explored older adults’ experiences with a mobile application for fall prevention exercises. The objective was to analyze the effectiveness of the intervention and identify areas for further improvement. Researchers aimed to answer the question: what are older persons’ experiences with mobile health application for fall prevention exercise? Both articles focus on experiences as a major theme.

NRS 433 Topic 3 Articles Supporting the Nursing Practice Problem

As patient falls continue to increase among elderly patients, research evaluating the feasibility of fall prevention methods is of great value to nurses. The article by Cederbom et al. (2022) will be used to answer the PICOT question by demonstrating the benefits of exercise-based therapy (Otago Exercise Program) among older adults at risk of falls. Its authors focus on outcomes such as improving physical function and self-efficacy, pivotal in preventing falls in inpatient settings. The article by Arkkukangas et al. (2021) will be used to answer the PICOT question by exploring outcomes associated with fall prevention exercises. Both articles support implementing exercise programs to improve physical functioning and balance, among other outcomes associated with a low incidence of patient falls. NRS 433 Topic 3 

Interventions and comparison groups help researchers to compare outcomes between participants receiving different treatments. In both studies, older adults participated in an exercise-based intervention for a period determined by the researcher. Due to the nature of the studies (qualitative), there were no comparison groups. All participants were enrolled in different programs, and experiences were assessed by interviewing participants. A similar approach can be applied to implement the proposed project since all patients should participate in moderate physical exercises to reduce the incidence of falls.

NRS 433 Topic 3 Method of Studies

Apart from objectives and study populations, the articles apply different research methods to collect and analyze data. Cederbom et al. (2022) conducted semi-structured interviews among physical therapists based on an interview guide. The data was then analyzed thematically to summarize relationships between research variables. In the other article, Arkkukangas et al. (2021) conducted two focus group interviews among twelve older adults in organizations for retired persons. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed via content analysis.

NRS 433 Topic 3 Research methods have different benefits and limitations depending on how they affect reliability, validity, and other critical research elements. As Ellis (2022) stated, semi-structured interviews are flexible since participants answer open-ended questions. They also allow researchers to make easy comparisons between respondents. However, semi-structured interviews are time-consuming, which is a great limitation. Rivaz et al. (2019) found focus group discussions effective in enabling researchers to collect rich data by engaging participants actively. Despite this advantage, focus group interviews are time-consuming and ineffective for large groups.

NRS 433 Topic 3 Results of Studies

Key Findings

These studies provide valuable findings for nursing professionals interested in implementing exercise therapy among older adults at risk of falls. After analyzing data from physical therapists, Cederbom et al. (2022) found the Otega Exercise Program effective in fall prevention since it improved patients’ physical function, self-efficacy, and mood. In this case, the program improved older adults’ ability to avoid falls and their perception of individual ability to respond to fall-associated risks.

NRS 433 Topic 3 The other study also provides valuable information concerning the feasibility of fall-prevention exercise programs. After the study, Arkkukangas et al. (2021) found the mobile health application a useful tool for helping older adults manage, motivate and adhere to fall prevention exercises. Adherence, as advised by the program designers, improved older adults’ physical function, which is crucial in fall prevention among this vulnerable group. Researchers further recommended similar interventions in healthcare settings since they focus on behavior change strategies.

NRS 433 Topic 3  Implications in Nursing Practice

Healthcare facilities continue to implement multidimensional programs to reduce patient falls and achieve other outcomes. These studies imply that exercise-based therapy could reduce patient falls among older adults if implemented in hospitals. Potential outcomes include improved balance, better physical function, self-efficacy, and a desire to continually engage in similar exercises independently. Nurses should understand the type and intensity of these exercises to deliver the best results.

NRS 433 Topic 3 Ethical Considerations

Nursing research can be risky, hence the need to adhere to various ethical principles. One of the main ethical considerations in conducting research is informed consent. Xu et al. (2020) described informed consent as voluntarily agreeing to participate in research with full information about the research. Therefore, potential risks, benefits, and research objectives should be explicit. The other ethical consideration is anonymity, which involves protecting participants’ identities (Dougherty, 2021). Arkkukangas et al. (2021) took these ethical considerations into account by seeking written informed consent from participants. No identifiable information was collected. Cederbom et al. (2022) also ensured voluntary participation by obtaining oral and written informed consent from the participants before commencing data collection. Researchers also guaranteed anonymity by not collecting any identifiable information. Importantly, participants were allowed to withdraw without needing to specify reasons.

NRS 433 Topic 3 Conclusion

Research on the effectiveness of exercise-based therapy for fall prevention is extensive and explores the effectiveness of many interventions. Researchers use various methods and arrive at different conclusions. The appraised qualitative studies demonstrate the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions to reduce falls among older adults in hospitals. Nurses can implement similar programs to improve health outcomes among older adults at risk of falls.

NRS 433 Topic 3 References

Arkkukangas, M., Cederbom, S., Tonkonogi, M., &UmbCarlsson, Õ. (2021). Older adults’ experiences with mHealth for fall prevention exercise: Usability and promotion of behavior change strategies. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 37(12), 1346-1352. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2020.1712753

Cederbom, S., Bjerk, M., &Bergland, A. (2022). A qualitative study exploring physical therapists’ views on the Otago Exercise Programme for fall prevention: a stepping stone to “age in place” and to give faith in the future. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 38(1), 132-140.https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2020.1731895

Chandrasekaran, S., Hibino, H., Gorniak, S. L., Layne, C. S., & Johnston, C. A. (2021). Fear of Falling: Significant barrier in fall prevention approaches. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 15(6), 598–601. https://doi.org/10.1177/15598276211035360

Dougherty, M. V. (2021). The use of confidentiality and anonymity protections as a cover for fraudulent fieldwork data. Research Ethics, 17(4), 480-500.https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161211018257

Ellis, P. (2022). Understanding research for nursing students. SAGE Publications.

National Institute on Aging. (2023). Falls and fractures in older adults: Causes and prevention.https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/falls-and-fractures-older-adults-causes-and-prevention

Rikkonen, T., Sund, R., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., Sirola, J., Honkanen, R., &Kröger, H. (2023). Effectiveness of exercise on fall prevention in community-dwelling older adults: a 2-year randomized controlled study of 914 women. Age and Ageing, 52(4), afad059. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afad059

Rivaz, M., Shokrollahi, P., &Ebadi, A. (2019). Online focus group discussions: An attractive approach to data collection for qualitative health research. Nursing Practice Today, 6(1), 1-3.https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v6i1.386

Xu, A., Baysari, M. T., Stocker, S. L., Leow, L. J., Day, R. O., &Carland, J. E. (2020). Researchers’ views on, and experiences with, the requirement to obtain informed consent in research involving human participants: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Ethics, 21(1), 1-11.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-020-00538-7 NRS 433 Topic 3