NRS 433 Topic 5

Assignment: Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft

Prepare this assignment as a 1,500-1,750-word paper using the instructor feedback from the previous course assignments and the guidelines below.

PICOT Question

Revise the PICOT question you wrote in the Topic 1 assignment using the feedback you received from your instructor.

The final PICOT question will provide a framework for your capstone project (the project students must complete during their final course in the RN-BSN program of study).

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NRS 433 Topic 5 Research Critiques Sample

In the Topic 2 and Topic 3 assignments, you completed qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research critiques on two articles for each type of study (four articles total). Use the feedback you received from your instructor on these assignments to finalize the critical analysis of each study by making appropriate revisions.

The completed analysis should connect to your identified practice problem of interest that is the basis for your PICOT question.

Use the “Research Critiques and PICOT Question Guidelines – Final Draft” document to organize your essay. Questions under each heading should be addressed as a narrative in the structure of a formal paper. Please note that there are two new additional sections: Outcomes Comparison and Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change.

NRS 433 Topic 5 General Requirements

You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

Attachments

NRS 433 Topic 5  Rubric

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Rubric Criteria

Total260 points

Criterion

1. Unsatisfactory

2. Insufficiently

3. Approaching

4. Acceptable

5.Excellent

Evidence of Revision

Evidence of Revision

0 points

Final paper does not demonstrate incorporation of feedback or evidence of revision on research critiques.

19.5 points

Incorporation of research critique feedback and evidence of revision is incomplete.

20.54 points

Incorporation of research critique feedback and evidence of revision are present.

23.14 points

Evidence of incorporation of research critique feedback and revision is clearly provided.

26 points

Evidence of incorporation of research critique feedback and revision is comprehensive and thoroughly developed.

Introduction of Nursing Practice Problem, Purpose, and PICOT Question

Introduction of Nursing Practice Problem, Purpose, and PICOT Question
0 points

Introduction of the nursing practice problem and purpose of the essay is not included. NRS 433 Topic 5  PICOT question is not included.
9.75 points

Introduction does not include a clear description of the nursing practice problem or purpose of the essay. The PICOT question is not adequately or clearly written and is missing the necessary elements.
10.27 points

Introduction includes a basic description of the nursing practice problem and purpose of the essay. The PICOT question is present.

11.57 points

Introduction includes the nursing practice problem and purpose of the essay in a clear manner. The PICOT question is clear and includes all elements.

13 points

Introduction includes the nursing practice problem and purpose of the essay in a comprehensive manner. The PICOT question is concise, accurately written, and includes all elements.

Background of Studies

Background of Studies

0 points

Background of studies, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is not included.

9.75 points

Background of studies, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is not clearly written and lacks information.

10.27 points

Background of studies, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation.
11.57 points

Background of studies, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is complete and includes relevant details.

13 points

Background of studies, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is thorough with substantial relevant details and an extensive explanation. NRS 433 Topic 5

Articles Support of Nursing Practice Problem

Articles Support of Nursing Practice Problem

0 points

A discussion on how articles support the PICOT question and how the interventions and comparison groups compare to those identified in the PICOT question is not included.

9.75 points

A discussion on how articles support the PICOT question and how the interventions and comparison groups compare to those identified in the PICOT question is unclear or lacking information. PICOT question or how the interventions and comparison groups compare to those identified in the PICOT question.

10.27 points

A discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate general support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles generally compare to those identified in the PICOT question.

11.57 points

A discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in the PICOT question.

13 points

A thorough discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate strong support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles strongly compare to those identified in the PICOT question.

Method of Studies

Method of Studies
0 points

A discussion on the method of study for each article is not included.

9.75 points

A partial discussion of the method of study for each article and a comparison of study methods is presented. A benefit and a limitation of each method are omitted or incomplete. There are significant inaccuracies.

10.27 points

A general discussion on the method of study for each article and a comparison of study methods are presented. A benefit and a limitation of each method are included but the description is general.
11.57 points

A detailed discussion on the method of study for each article and a comparison of study methods are presented. NRS 433 Topic 5  A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented.

13 points

A thorough discussion on the method of study for each article and a comparison of the study methods are presented. A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented. The discussion demonstrates a solid understanding of research methods.

Results of Studies

Results of Studies
0 points

A discussion of the results of each study, including key findings and implications for nursing practice, is not included.
9.75 points

A discussion of the results of each study, including key findings and implications for nursing practice, is unclear and incomplete.

10.27 points

A general discussion of the results of each study, including key findings and implications for nursing practice, is included.

11.57 points

A discussion of the results of each study, including key findings and implications for nursing practice, is complete and includes relevant details and supporting explanation.
13 points

A discussion of the results of each study, including key findings and implications for nursing practice, is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.

Ethical Considerations

Ethical Considerations
0 points

Ethical considerations when conducting nursing research are not included. Discussion of how the researchers accounted for ethical considerations is not included.

9.75 points

Ethical considerations when conducting nursing research are unclear. Discussion of how the researchers accounted for ethical considerations is incomplete.

10.27 points

Ethical considerations when conducting nursing research are discussed in basic manner. Discussion of how the researchers accounted for ethical considerations is included.

11.57 points

Ethical considerations when conducting nursing research are clearly discussed. Discussion of how the researchers accounted for ethical considerations is through.

13 points

Ethical considerations when conducting nursing research are comprehensively discussed. NRS 433 Topic 5 Discussion of how the researchers accounted for ethical considerations is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.

Outcomes Comparison

Outcomes Comparison

0 points

Explanation of the anticipated outcomes for the PICOT question is not included. The outcomes of four articles and the comparison to the anticipated outcomes are not included.

29.25 points

Explanation of the anticipated outcomes for the PICOT question is unclear. The outcomes of four or less selected articles and the comparison to the anticipated outcomes are incomplete.

30.81 points

Explanation of the anticipated outcomes for the PICOT question is included in a general manner. The outcomes of the four selected articles and the comparison to the anticipated outcomes are basic.

34.71 points

Explanation of the anticipated outcomes for the PICOT question is clear and includes relevant details. The outcomes of the four selected articles and the comparison to the anticipated outcomes are thorough.

39 points

Explanation of the anticipated outcomes for the PICOT question is thorough with substantial relevant details and an extensive explanation. The outcomes of the four selected articles and the comparison to the anticipated outcomes are comprehensive.

Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change

Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change

0 points

The link between the PICOT question, the research articles, and the identified nursing practice problem is not included. The proposed evidence-based practice change is not included.

29.25 points

The link between the PICOT question, the research articles, and the identified nursing practice problem is not clearly identified. The proposed evidence-based practice change is incomplete.

30.81 points

The link between the PICOT question, the research articles, and the identified nursing practice problem is explained in a general manner. The proposed evidence-based practice change is basic.
34.71 points

The link between the PICOT question, the research articles, and the identified nursing practice problem is clearly explained. The proposed evidence-based practice change is clear with relevant details.
39 points

The link between the PICOT question, the research articles, and the identified nursing practice problem is substantially explained. The proposed evidence-based practice change is thorough with substantial and relevant details.

Thesis, Position, or Purpose

Communicates reason for writing and demonstrates awareness of audience.
0 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is not discernible. No awareness of the appropriate audience is evident.

13.65 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is unfocused or confused. There is very little awareness of the intended audience.
14.38 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is discernable in most aspects but is occasionally weak or unclear. There is limited awareness of the appropriate audience.

16.2 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is adequately presented. An awareness of the appropriate audience is demonstrated.
18.2 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is clearly communicated throughout and clearly directed to a specific audience.

Development, Structure, and Conclusion

Advances position or purpose throughout writing; conclusion aligns to and evolves from development.
0 points

No advancement of the thesis, position, or purpose is evident. Connections between paragraphs are missing or inappropriate. No conclusion is offered.

13.65 points

Writing lacks logical progression of the thesis, position, or purpose. Some organization is attempted, but ideas are disconnected. Conclusion is unclear and not supported by the overall development of the purpose.
14.38 points

Limited advancement of thesis, position, or purpose is discernable. There are inconsistencies in organization or the relationship of ideas. NRS 433 Topic 5  Conclusion is simplistic and not fully aligned to the development of the purpose.
16.2 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is advanced in most aspects. Ideas clearly build on each other. Conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.

18.2 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is logically advanced throughout. The progression of ideas is coherent and unified. A clear and logical conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.

Evidence

Selects and integrates evidence to support and advance position/purpose; considers other perspectives.

0 points

Evidence to support the thesis, position, or purpose is absent. The writing relies entirely on the perspective of the writer.

11.7 points

Evidence is limited or irrelevant. The interpretation of other perspectives is superficial or incorrect.
12.32 points

Evidence is used but is insufficient or of limited relevance. Simplistic explanation or integration of other perspectives is present.

13.88 points

Relevant evidence that includes other perspectives is used.

15.6 points

Specific and appropriate evidence is included. Relevant perspectives of others are clearly considered.

Mechanics of Writing

Includes spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, language use, sentence structure, etc.
0 points

Errors in grammar or syntax are pervasive and impede meaning. Incorrect language choice or sentence structure errors are found throughout.
11.7 points

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors are present. Inconsistencies in language choice or sentence structure are recurrent.
12.32 points

Occasional mechanical errors are present. Language choice is generally appropriate. Varied sentence structure is attempted.

13.88 points

Few mechanical errors are present. Suitable language choice and sentence structure are used.

15.6 points

No mechanical errors are present. Appropriate language choice and sentence structure are used throughout.

Format/Documentation

Uses appropriate style, such as APA, MLA, etc., for college, subject, and level; documents sources using citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., appropriate to assignment and discipline.

0 points

Appropriate format is not used. No documentation of sources is provided.

7.8 points

Appropriate format is attempted, but some elements are missing. Frequent errors in documentation of sources are evident.

8.22 points

Appropriate format and documentation are used, although there are some obvious errors.

9.26 points

Appropriate format and documentation are used with only minor errors.

10.4 points

No errors in formatting or documentation are present.

NRS 433 Topic 5 Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Sample

In routine practice, nursing professionals encounter numerous patient care and workplace issues that affect health outcomes immensely. As professionally and ethically mandated, nurses should utilize their practice and leadership skills to design, implement, and evaluate evidence-based solutions. Obesity among African Americans is a significant nursing problem since it is associated with high healthcare utilization, which increases hospitalizations, illness burden, and disease management costs (Lofton et al., 2023; Okunogbe et al., 2021). Without effective control, high hospitalization rates result in a proportional increase in nurses’ workload, which usually causes fatigue, job dissatisfaction, and burnout. These impacts are far-reaching since nurses can only provide high-quality care when physically, mentally, and emotionally optimal. Nursing research has explored the effectiveness of various interventions for reducing obesity-related hospitalizations quantitatively and qualitatively. These interventions include health education, technology adoption, and community-based screening programs. NRS 433 Topic 5 The purpose of this paper is to critique four research articles (qualitative and quantitative) exploring the effectiveness of mobile health interventions in obesity management among African Americans.

PICOT Question: Among African Americans with obesity (P), can mobile health interventions (I) compared to no support (C) reduce obesity-related hospitalizations by 30% (O) in one year (T)?

NRS 433 Topic 5 Background of Studies

Obesity is a significant problem since it affects population health, healthcare utilization, and care quality in healthcare facilities. As a result, implementing sustainable solutions should be prioritized in nursing to achieve high patient outcomes consistently. While depicting obesity as a weighty healthcare problem affecting nursing profoundly, the quantitative and qualitative articles evaluate the application of different mobile interventions and their effectiveness. Bowen et al. (2022) purposed to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile-health text messages in promoting physical activity among Black women. The study’s primary objective was to determine the effectiveness of mobile health intervention designed to increase physical activity among older Black women with overweight or obesity. The research question was: what is the effectiveness of the Texting Older Sisters to Step (TOSS) intervention in increasing physical activity behaviors among Black women with obesity? In a different quantitative study, Likhitweerawong et al. (2021) evaluated the effectiveness of the OBEST application in reducing weight and encouraging healthy eating among obese children and adolescents. The study’s objective was to assess how the OBEST application could reduce obesity by promoting healthy behaviors. NRS 433 Topic 5 The research question was: how can the OBEST application reduce weight and improve eating habits in obese children and adolescents?

In the first qualitative study, Lewis et al. (2021) evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based telehealth trial that combined telephone and text support in obesity management among inactive obese women. The study evaluated the acceptability and participants’ perception of the clinical trial. The research question was: what are the perspectives and experiences of participants using telephone and text support in obesity management? In the other study, Joseph et al. (2021) evaluated the effectiveness of mobile health intervention efforts in improving physical activity among African-American women. The study’s primary objective was to examine the feasibility of a culturally tailored smartphone intervention (Smart Walk) in increasing physical activity among African-American women with obesity. The research question was: how does a smartphone-delivered physical activity intervention affect African-American women’s physical activity levels?

NRS 433 Topic 5  Articles Supporting the Nursing Practice Problem

The four articles support the PICOT question by demonstrating how nurses can use mobile health interventions to help patients manage obesity. The article by Bowen et al. (2022) demonstrates the effectiveness of physical activity promotional messages in reducing obesity rates. The article by Likhitweerawong et al. (2021) demonstrates how nurses can use a mobile app (OBEST) to reduce weight and promote healthy eating among obese children and adolescents. In the third article, Lewis et al. (2021) answer the PICOT question by studying the appropriateness of telephone and text support in obesity management. The fourth article by Joseph et al. (2021) explores in-depth how a smartphone-delivered physical activity intervention (Smart Walk) can improve physical activity among African-American women.

The interventions and comparison groups share numerous characteristics with those identified in the PICOT question. Regarding interventions, the methods proposed in the articles are designed to reduce obesity by improving physical activity, nutrition, and other strategies. All the articles also evaluate how mobile-based interventions can be used in obesity management to improve outcomes. Feasible methods include text messages, telephone calls, and apps tailored to guide and motivate patients with obesity (Joseph et al., 2021; Lewis et al., 2021). The study groups comprise different African American populations (adults, adolescents, and children) with obesity. As a result, the interventions and comparison groups are similar to those identified in the PICOT question.

NRS 433 Topic 5 Method of Studies

Bowen et al. (2022) conducted a feasibility, randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the effectiveness of physical activity promotional messages. The intervention group received promotional messages daily, while the control group received general health information weekly. Likhitweerawong et al. (2021) also conducted an RCT where the intervention group received standard care combined with the OBEST app support while the control group received standard care only. In both studies, data were compared at baseline and post-intervention. The difference in the methods is that Bowen et al. (2022) conducted feasibility RCT, while Likhitweerawong et al. (2021) conducted a pure RCT. The main benefit of RCTs is allowing researchers to determine the effectiveness of interventions prospectively before applying them to a broader population (Hariton & Locascio, 2018). On limitations, RCTs have an issue with external validity, representing the generalizability of results to a broader population.

In the qualitative articles, Lewis et al. NRS 433 Topic 5  (2021) conducted a focus group study to determine the feasibility of a community-based telehealth trial in obesity management and participants’ perceptions. Two female researchers collected data and analyzed findings through thematic analysis of audio recordings. Focus group discussions allow researchers to conduct in-depth research by engaging participants deeply. However, they are ineffective when studying large groups. Joseph et al. (2021) delivered the intervention to participants and assessed its effectiveness at baseline and four months post-intervention. Data were collected via surveys. Kumar (2019) described surveys as highly reliable research methods that allow researchers to generalize results. However, they are associated with low validity, particularly in scenarios when researchers use close-ended questions.

NRS 433 Topic 5 Results of Studies

The articles provide different findings with profound implications for nursing. Bowen et al. (2022) found that the TOSS intervention improved obesity management behaviors among the intervention group. In this study, the intervention group recorded more steps (700) daily and lost more weight (2.5 pounds) than the control group. In the other quantitative study, Likhitweerawong et al. (2021) found that the intervention group had more body mass index reduction and more participants in this group engaged in healthy eating behaviors. In the qualitative articles, Lewis et al. (2021) found that telephone calls and text messages let participants focus more on their health and lifestyle goals. Joseph et al. (2021) found that the Smart Walk intervention increased the participants’ physical activity levels from moderate to vigorous. The findings show that all mobile health interventions were effective in obesity management.

NRS 433 Topic 5 Implications in Nursing Practice

Regularly, nurses come across practice issues affecting health outcomes adversely. The findings of these studies denote that obesity rates among African Americans can be reduced through mobile health interventions. Therefore, nursing practitioners should explore how to use such interventions to reduce obesity and related hospitalizations in their practice sites. Achieving this goal is critical for improved patient care since reducing hospitalizations would lead to a proportional decline in workload, healthcare costs, and illness burden in healthcare facilities.

NRS 433 Topic 5 Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations in conducting research include respect for persons and beneficence. According to Bitter et al. (2020), researchers show respect for research subjects by treating them as autonomous individuals who should participate in a study freely after informed consent. Beneficence has much to do with obtaining data for useful applications and researchers’ commitment to minimizing harm significantly. In all studies, researchers promoted autonomy through informed consent, where participants were thoroughly informed about the study’s objectives, benefits, and risks. As Varkey (2021) noted, informed consent allows participants to make independent decisions. Besides, the studies were approved by the relevant review boards in their respective settings. Approval shows that a study poses minimal risks to participants and that the benefits of a study are explicit.

NRS 433 Topic 5 Outcomes Comparison

As hypothesized in the PICOT question, implementing mobile health interventions can help to reduce obesity-related hospitalizations among African Americans. This critical goal is achieved by supporting African Americans in obesity management through mobile apps, text messages, or short calls. Reducing hospitalizations would also help to reduce potential adverse effects like fatigue, job dissatisfaction, and burnout among nurses (Heidari et al., 2022). Therefore, better patient care would be achieved by implementing mobile health interventions. The outcomes of the four articles affirm that positive results can be achieved by implementing similar interventions in the current healthcare setting. Interventions’ focus areas should be educating obese patients, motivating, and guiding them on adopting effective physical activity and dietary practices.

NRS 433 Topic 5 Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change

The PICOT question conjectures that healthcare facilities can reduce obesity-related hospitalizations among African Americans by implementing mobile health interventions. The research articles confirm the effectiveness of mobile health interventions in achieving this goal, implying that the nursing practice problem (high hospitalizations) can be effectively addressed and improved patient outcomes achieved in the care facility. In response, nurses and nurse leaders in the current setting should implement appropriate mobile health interventions to reduce obesity among African Americans. The most effective evidence-based practice change is telephone texts tailored to remind, guide, and support African Americans with obesity to practice healthy physical activities and dietary practices.

NRS 433 Topic 5 Conclusion

Nursing professionals should continually engage in evidence-based practice change to optimize patient outcomes. Implementing mobile health interventions would effectively reduce obesity-related hospitalizations among African Americans. As demonstrated in the four articles critiqued in this essay, mobile health interventions include texts, apps, and phone calls. Their support enables patients with obesity to improve their physical activity levels and dietary behaviors. Reducing hospitalizations is crucial for improved patient outcomes since it would lower nurses’ workload and other adverse effects of increased hospital visits.

NRS 433 Topic 5 References

Bitter, C. C., Ngabirano, A. A., Simon, E. L., & Taylor, D. M. (2020). Principles of research ethics: A research primer for low-and middle-income countries. African Journal of Emergency Medicine, 10, S125-S129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2020.07.006

Bowen, P. G., Affuso, O., Opoku-Agyeman, W., Mixon, V. R., & Clay, O. J. (2022). Texting older sisters to step to manage obesity in older black women: a feasibility study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 63(1), S56-S66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2022.03.014

Hariton, E., & Locascio, J. J. (2018). Randomised controlled trials – the gold standard for effectiveness research: Study design: randomised controlled trials. BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 125(13), 1716. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.15199

Heidari, S., Parizad, N., Goli, R., Mam-Qaderi, M., & Hassanpour, A. (2022). Job satisfaction and its relationship with burnout among nurses working in COVID-19 wards: a descriptive correlational study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012), 82, 104591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104591

Joseph, R. P., Ainsworth, B. E., Hollingshead, K., Todd, M., & Keller, C. (2021). Results of a culturally tailored smartphone-delivered physical activity intervention among midlife African American women: Feasibility trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(4), e27383. https://doi.org/10.2196/27383

Kumar, R. (2019). Nursing research & statistics. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt. Limited.

Lewis, E., Hassmén, P., & Pumpa, K. L. (2021). Participant perspectives of a telehealth trial investigating the use of telephone and text message support in obesity management: a qualitative evaluation. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06689-6

Likhitweerawong, N., Boonchooduang, N., Kittisakmontri, K., Chonchaiya, W., & Louthrenoo, O. (2021). Effectiveness of mobile application on changing weight, healthy eating habits, and quality of life in children and adolescents with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. BMC pediatrics, 21(1), 499. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02980-x

Lofton, H., Ard, J. D., Hunt, R. R., & Knight, M. G. (2023). Obesity among African American people in the United States: a review. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 31(2), 306–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23640

Okunogbe, A., Nugent, R., Spencer, G., Ralston, J., & Wilding, J. (2021). Economic impacts of overweight and obesity: current and future estimates for eight countries. BMJ Global Health, 6(10), e006351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006351

Varkey, B. (2021). Principles of clinical ethics and their application to practice. Medical Principles and Practice, 30(1), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509119 NRS 433 Topic 5