NRS429VN Social Determinants of Health Paper

Family Assessment Part II Sample

            The promotion of optimum health outcomes and wellbeing of families and communities is an important role for nurses. Nurses utilize family-centered, evidence-based interventions that ensure efficiency, quality, and safety in practice. Issues such as social determinants of health may act as barriers to accessing and utilizing quality healthcare services by family members (Hill-Briggs et al., 2020). Therefore, this paper examines the social determinants of health that were identified from the selected family, age-appropriate screenings, health model, and steps for family-centered health promotion.

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Social Determinants of Health

            Social determinants of health refer to the conditions that affect the health, access to health care services and their utilization by different populations. They encompass the conditions where individuals were born, grew, reside, work in their daily lives, and age. The assessment of Mr. Shawn’s family revealed some social determinants of health that affect them. One of them is knowledge about health issues affecting them (Hill-Briggs et al., 2020). Mr. Shawn’s family suffers from health problems that include diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. The interview conducted with the family revealed that the family engaged in unhealthy dietary habits before Mr. Shawn’s diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes. Their daughter is also obese due to poor dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles. Mr. Shawn’s family health problems are largely attributable to lack of knowledge about the importance of healthy lifestyles and behaviors (Sokol et al., 2019).

            The other social determinant of health evident in the family is the lack of social support system for Mr. Shawn’s daughter. The interview revealed that despite being obese, the daughter does not want to engage in active physical activity and transforming her lifestyles and behaviors due to low self-esteem. The implication of this is that the family and the society lack adequate social support systems to help people like Shawn’s daughter have a sense of identity and engage in activities that promote her health. Social support systems are important in helping the vulnerable and the affected feel accepted in their society as well as encouraging them engage in activities that promote their optimum health and wellbeing (Sokol et al., 2019).

            The other social determinant of health identified from the family assessment is socioeconomic status. Mr. Shawn’s family is a middle-income family. Family’s socioeconomic status affects the affordability and utilization of high-quality healthcare services for its members. Issues such as medical insurance coverage for the family members also affect access to healthcare services (Hill-Briggs et al., 2020). However, being a middle-income family, Shawn’s family may experience minimal challenges in accessing the care that they need for different health problems affecting its members. Therefore, interventions that address the above social determinants of health should be adopted to ensure the optimum health and wellbeing of the family members.

Age-Appropriate Screenings

            Screening is an important approach to promoting the health of the population. It facilitates early detection and prevention of health problems. Each of the members in Shawn’s families should undergo specific, age-appropriate screenings. For instance, Mr. Shawn should undergo breast, colorectal, testicular, prostate, and skin cancer screenings annually for his health promotion. He should also undergo eye, foot, and dental checkups to detect and prevent potential health problems. Mrs. Shawn should also undergo screenings that include cervical, breast, and skin cancer due to her increased predisposition due to the advancing age. She should also undergo bone examination, eye, dental, hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, and pelvic screenings. Amanda’s age-appropriate screenings include eye, hearing, blood pressure, diabetes, skin, weight, and dental screening. Similarly, John’s age-appropriate screenings include eye, dental, weight, and hearing screenings (Murphey & Bartlett, 2019). These age-appropriate screenings are important to enable early detection and treatment or prevention of potential health problems that could affect the family members.

Health Model

            Health belief model is effective for use in assisting the family to create a plan of action to meet their health needs. The model is effective in guiding health promotion as well as disease prevention interventions in populations. Nurses utilize it to explain and predict the potential for behavioral change in a population. The model focuses on aspects that include individual’s beliefs about their health problems and factors that influence their health behaviors. The factors include perceived threat to a disease, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy to engaging in the desired lifestyle and behavioral changes that promote health (McArthur et al., 2018).

            Mr. Shawn’s family is likely to engage in health promotion and disease prevention activities due to their understanding of the perceived susceptibility to lifestyle and behavioral health problems, perceived severity, benefits, and cues to actions that they need to promote their health. Health belief model is appropriate for the family because it facilitates incremental introduction of change. It encourages family members to explore their abilities in achieving the desired behavioral outcomes, identifying barriers, and collectively developing plans to achieving sustained change for health promotion (Sulat et al., 2018). It also addresses the individual issues and needs that should be achieved in health promotion initiatives.

Steps for a Family Centered Health Promotion

            The steps for family-centered health promotion utilizing health belief model follow those of the nursing process. They include assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The assessment stage entails obtaining data from the family members about their health status. The nurse obtains data from the six components of the model such as perceived susceptibility, benefits, barriers, severity, self-efficacy, and cues to action. The nurse uses this data to formulate appropriate nursing diagnoses for the family. She then involves the family in developing family-appropriate and individualized plans that address their health needs. The nurse also involves the family implementing the strategies and monitors them for the effective implementation and the realization of the desired outcomes (Saghafi-Asl et al., 2020). Evaluation provides the nurse and the family insights into their abilities in meeting the set goals and additional ways to achieve optimum health outcomes through behavioral and lifestyle changes.

Conclusion

            In summary, social determinants of health affect Mr. Shawn’s family access to and utilization of healthcare services. Each of Mr. Shawn’s family members have age-appropriate screenings that should be undertaken for their health promotion. Health belief model can be utilized to assist the family to achieve its desired health-related outcomes. The model also provides steps adopted from the nursing process, which can be used to develop family-centered initiatives to address the health needs of the family members.  

References

Hill-Briggs, F., Adler, N. E., Berkowitz, S. A., Chin, M. H., Gary-Webb, T. L., Navas-Acien, A., Thornton, P. L., & Haire-Joshu, D. (2020). Social Determinants of Health and Diabetes: A Scientific Review. Diabetes Care, 44(1), 258–279. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0053

McArthur, L. H., Riggs, A., Uribe, F., & Spaulding, T. J. (2018). Health belief model offers opportunities for designing weight management interventions for college students. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 50(5), 485–493.

Murphey, D., & Bartlett, J. D. (2019). Childhood adversity screenings are just one part of an effective policy response to childhood trauma. Child Trends, 2019–19.

Saghafi-Asl, M., Aliasgharzadeh, S., & Asghari-Jafarabadi, M. (2020). Factors influencing weight management behavior among college students: An application of the Health Belief Model. PloS One, 15(2), e0228058.

Sokol, R., Austin, A., Chandler, C., Byrum, E., Bousquette, J., Lancaster, C., Doss, G., Dotson, A., Urbaeva, V., Singichetti, B., Brevard, K., Wright, S. T., Lanier, P., & Shanahan, M. (2019). Screening Children for Social Determinants of Health: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics, 144(4), e20191622. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-1622

Sulat, J. S., Prabandari, Y. S., Sanusi, R., Hapsari, E. D., & Santoso, B. (2018). The validity of health belief model variables in predicting behavioral change: A scoping review. Health Education.

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Assessment Description
Refer back to the interview and evaluation you conducted in the Topic 2 Family Health Assessment assignment. Identify the social determinates of health (SDOH) contributing to the family’s health status. In a 750-1,000 word paper, create a plan of action to incorporate health promotion strategies for this family. Include the following:

Describe the SDOH that affect the family health status. What is the impact of these SDOH on the family? Discuss why these factors are prevalent for this family.
Based on the information gathered through the family health assessment, recommend age-appropriate screenings for each family member. Provide support and rationale for your suggestions.
Choose a health model to assist in creating a plan of action. Describe the model selected. Discuss the reasons why this health model is the best choice for this family. Provide rationale for your reasoning.
Using the model, outline the steps for a family-centered health promotion. Include strategies for communication.
Cite at least three peer-reviewed or scholarly sources to complete this assignment. Sources should be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Course Resources if you need assistance.

Rubric Criteria

SDOH Affecting Family and Family Health Status
30 points

Age-Appropriate Screening Recommendations
30 points

Assessment of Health Model
30 points

Application of Health Model
30 points

Thesis Development and Purpose
7.5 points

Argument Logic and Construction
7.5 points

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
7.5 points

Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
3 points

Documentation of Sources
4.5 points