NUR 634 Topic 12 DQ 1

Discussion: Briefly Discuss the Condition/Disorder

NUR 634 Topic 12 DQ 1 Assessment Description

Briefly discuss the condition/disorder

Select one of the following psychiatric conditions or disorders.

Major Depressive Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Panic Disorder

Anorexia Nervosa

Schizophrenia

Bipolar I Disorder

Bipolar II Disorder

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Predominately Hyperactive Type NUR 634 Topic 12 DQ 1

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Predominately Inattentive Type

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Then complete the following:

Briefly discuss the condition/disorder.

Describe the symptoms and physical exam findings associated with condition/disorder.

Identify appropriate laboratory, imaging, and other diagnostic/screening tools that apply to the disorder and explain how they will help you with your diagnosis.

List one physiologic condition that could cause a similar presentation to the psychiatric condition you selected (differential diagnoses) and explain how you would “rule out” those differentials.

Support your description with a minimum of two APRN-approved scholarly resources. You may not select a condition or disorder that has already been profiled by another learner; you must select a different one.

American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education

This assignment aligns to AACN Core Competencies 1.2, 1.3.

NUR 634 Topic 12 DQ 1 Sample

Schizophrenia is an example of a psychotic disease listed in the DSM-V. It is a common psychiatric condition diagnosed in persons between the ages of 15 to 30 years. It is more common in males than in females and is associated with progressive cognition impairment if left untreated. The development of the disease has been linked to heredity factors and disruptions in various neurotransmitter pathways (Luvsannyam et al., 2022). The psychotic symptoms result from alterations in the dopamine, glutamate, and GABA neurotransmission in the thalamus, cerebral cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and associative striatum, resulting in thought, perception, and emotion processing disruption.

Patients with schizophrenia present with either positive or negative symptoms. Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, catatonia, and disorganized speech. NUR 634 Topic 12 DQ 1 Visual and auditory hallucinations are the most common disorders of perception seen in schizophrenic patients, while bizarre, persecutory, and paranoid delusions are the most common forms of altered thought processes (Mosolov et al., 2022). Some patients may also present with negative symptoms such as mutism, poverty of speech, anhedonia, avolition, and social withdrawal that are associated with poor prognosis. A mental status examination may reveal different forms of delusions and hallucinations, blunt or flat affect, dysphoric mood, incoherent thought processes, poverty of speech, circumstantiality, mutism, poor judgment, and absence of insight.

Laboratory and imaging tests are crucial in the management of patients with psychotic symptoms as they exclude various causes of psychosis. NUR 634 Topic 12 DQ 1 They include complete blood cell counts, liver, thyroid, and renal function tests, basic metabolic panels, VDRL, HIV, blood glucose tests, serum vitamin B-12, serum methylmalonic acid, folate, and calcium levels, and urine toxicology screen (Sunshine et al., 2023). Additionally, a brain MRI aids in defining cerebral and cortical changes from schizophrenia as well as excluding other causes of psychosis. Substance-use intoxication and brain infections may cause psychotic symptoms similar to schizophrenia. As a result, urine toxicology and an MRI are crucial in excluding the two differential diagnoses.

NUR 634 Topic 12 DQ 1 References

Luvsannyam, E., Jain, M. S., Lourdes Pormento, M. K., Siddiqui, H., A Balagtas, A. R., Emuze, B. O., & Poprawski, T. (2022). Neurobiology of Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.23959

Mosolov, S. N., & Yaltonskaya, P. A. (2022). Primary and Secondary Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 766692. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.766692

Sunshine, A., & McClellan, J. (2023). Practitioner Review: Psychosis in Children and Adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 64(7), 980. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13777 NUR 634 Topic 12 DQ 1