NURS 650 A 64-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of gradual onset of weakness to the left hand

NURS 650 A 64-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of gradual onset of weakness to the left hand

NURS 650 A 64-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of gradual onset of weakness to the left hand

Case Study Analysis

Neurological pathology, musculoskeletal pathology, and particular injuries can cause various symptoms observed in patients making the patient experience injury of particular forms. Therefore, it is essential to understand the pathology to develop appropriate treatment and management approaches (Falisse et al.,2019). As such, the purpose of this assignment is to explore a case study of a sixty-four-year-old male patient who visited the clinic with reports of gradual onset of weakness experienced in the left hand. Various aspects will be explored, including the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic process, which can lead to the observed patients, ethnic or racial variables which can affect the physiological functioning, and how the process may interact to affect an individual.

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The Neurological and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiological Processes Accounting For The Symptoms

The radial nerve is responsible for controlling the sensation and mobility of the forearm and hand. As such, upon the damage, the affected hand and harm may experience tingling, numbness, and weakness. When an individual has degenerative disc disease, the discs between the vertebrae lose the ability to absorb trauma and buffer the spin. The hand feelings and movement are usually controlled by the median nerve; as such, when the median nerve is damaged, then the patient may also experience tingling and numbness. Therefore, the musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that could be leading to the symptoms experienced by the patient are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and arthritis (Farrow et al.,2021). The patient’s symptoms can also be a result of neurologic physiological processes. Some of them may include damage or injury to the brachial plexus, injury or damage to the median nerve, or injury or damage to the ulnar nerve.

Racial/Ethnic Variables That May Impact Physiological Functioning

Physiological functioning can also be impacted by various racial or ethnic factors. The factors include an individual’s genetics, educational levels, gender, and age. It is known that physiological functioning is compromised with increasing age, especially in old age (Tynes et al.,2020). Educational level may be a factor of ethnic background where an individual comes from. Better education is positively related to efforts to keep healthy and access the needed medical care. Such actions positively impact physiological functioning.

How The Processes Interact to Affect The Patient

Some studies have shown the impact of ethnicity on the development of various diseases. For example, individuals of African descent have been shown to be more likely to develop conditions like heart conditions as compared to individuals of European ancestry. In terms of gender, females also have an enhanced body fat percentage as compared to males, therefore, are more susceptible to cardiovascular conditions. The difference is caused by the prevalence of particular hormones in women and men, hence impacting their physiology. Physiological functioning is also impacted by age. For instance, with increasing age, individuals may lose bone density and muscle mass as well as experience a slowing down in metabolism (Tynes et al.,2020). It is important to note that there are other variables that may impact physiological functioning. The economic status of an individual may mean eating healthy and affording a healthy diet and regular exercise or not. Poor socio-economic status may increase the levels of stress in an individual leading to a compromised level of physiologic functioning.

Conclusion

It is important to assess a patient who presents with abnormal symptoms in the clinic. It is also necessary to perform diagnostic tests as appropriate. Some of the musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that may account for the patient’s symptoms include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and arthritis.

References

Falisse, A., Serrancolí, G., Dembia, C. L., Gillis, J., Jonkers, I., & De Groote, F. (2019). Rapid predictive simulations with complex musculoskeletal models suggest that diverse healthy and pathological human gaits can emerge from similar control strategies. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 16(157), 20190402. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0402

Farrow, M., Biglands, J., Tanner, S., Hensor, E. M., Buch, M. H., Emery, P., & Tan, A. L. (2021). Muscle deterioration due to rheumatoid arthritis: assessment by quantitative MRI and strength testing. Rheumatology, 60(3), 1216–1225. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa364

Tynes, B. M., English, D., Del Toro, J., Smith, N. A., Lozada, F. T., & Williams, D. R. (2020). Trajectories of online racial discrimination and psychological functioning among African American and Latino adolescents. Child Development, 91(5), 1577-1593. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13350

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Case Scenario:

A 64-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of gradual onset of weakness to the left hand. He is left hand dominant. He has had ongoing numbness and tingling that feels as though it starts at his elbow. However, over the past 2-3 days he had been dropping items due to the weakness. He denies any recent injuries but state that he sustained a crushing injury to the left thumb 4 years ago. He is employed as a mechanic. Several years ago, he tripped over a tire and fell backwards striking his head on the fender of a car. He didn’t seek medical attention because he only had a small scrape on his elbow. A CT of the head is within normal limits and all labs are normal with the exception of a slightly elevated, non-fasting blood sugar (135). He has no history of diabetes. An x-ray of the neck reveals mild-to-moderate degenerative disc disease at C6-C7 with neuroforaminal narrowing and slight impingement of the exiting nerve root.

The Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:

• Both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that would account for the patient presenting these symptoms.
• Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
• How these processes interact to affect the patient.

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Criteria	Ratings				Pts
Develop a 1- to 2- page case study analysis, examining the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following:Explain both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes of why the patient presents these symptoms.	30 to >27.0 pts         27 to >24.0 pts         24 to >22.0 pts            22 to >0 pts Excellent            Good                       Fair                             Poor The response           The response           The response               The response accurately and          describes the            describes the               describes the thoroughly                patient                      patient symptoms        patient symptoms describes the            symptoms. …           in a manner that is       in a manner that is patient                   The response           vague or                      vague and symptoms. …           includes                   inaccurate. … The         inaccurate, or the The response           accurate,                  response includes        description is includes                   explanations of         explanations of            missing…… The accurate, clear,         both the                    both the                       response does not and detailed         neurological and       neurological and           include explanations of         musculoskeletal        musculoskeletal           explanations of both the                    pathophysiologic      pathophysiologic          both the neurological and       processes of            processes of                neurological and musculoskeletal        patients who             patients who                musculoskeletal pathophysiologic      present these            present these               pathophysiologic processes of            symptoms and is      symptoms and is          processes of patients who             supported by            supported by               patients who present these            evidence and/or        explanations that          present these symptoms and is      research, as             are vague or based       symptoms, or the supported by             appropriate, to           on inappropriate            explanations are evidence and/or        support the                evidence/research.        vague or based on research, as              explanation.                                                    inappropriate appropriate, to                                                                            evidence/research. support the explanation.				30 pts
Explain how the highlighted processes interact to affect the patient.	30 to >27.0 pts Excellent The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of how the highlighted processes interact to affect the patient and is supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.	27 to >24.0 pts Good The response includes an accurate explanation of how the highlighted processes interact to affect the patient and is supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.	24 to >22.0 pts Fair The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of how the highlighted processes interact to affect the patient, with explanations that are based on inappropriate evidence/research.	22 to >0 pts Poor The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of how the highlighted processes interact to affect the patient, with explanations that are based on inappropriate or missing evidence/research.	30 pts

 

Criteria	Ratings							Pts
Explain any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.	25 to >22.0 pts        22 to >19.0 pts        19 to >17.0 pts             17 to >0 pts Excellent            Good                      Fair                              Poor The response           The response          The response               The response includes an              includes an              includes a vague or       includes a vague or accurate,                  accurate                  inaccurate                     inaccurate complete,                explanation of          explanation of               explanation of detailed, and            racial/ethnic             racial/ethnic                  racial/ethnic specific                   variables that           variables that may         variables that may explanation of          may impact              impact physiological     impact physiological racial/ethnic              physiological           functioning, and/or        functioning, or the variables that           functioning and        explanations that           explanations are may impact              is supported by        are based on                based on physiological           evidence and/or       inappropriate                inappropriate or no functioning and        research, as            evidence/research.        evidence/research. is supported by        appropriate, to evidence and/or       support the research, as                               explanation. appropriate, to support the explanation.							25 pts
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well- developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused —neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement	5 to >4.0 pts Excellent Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity…… A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria.		4 to >3.5 pts Good Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time…… The purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are stated, yet they are brief and not descriptive.		3.5 to >3.0 pts Fair Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%– 79% of the time. … The purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are vague or off topic.		3 to >0 pts Poor Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time. … No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion were provided.	5 pts

 

Criteria	Ratings							Pts
and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria.
Written Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation	5 to >4.0 pts Excellent Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.	4 to >3.5 pts Good Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.		3.5 to >3.0 pts Fair Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.		3 to >0 pts Poor Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.		5 pts
Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in- text citations, and reference list.	5 to >4.0 pts Excellent Uses correct APA format with no errors.	4 to >3.0 pts Good Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors.		3 pts Fair Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors.		3 to >0 pts Poor Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.