NURS 6635

Exam Elaborations Questions With Answers and Explanations Provided
Newly Updated Exam Review Guide
Walden University_NURS6635 Exam Final Winter 2021
A Loose association
.
B Pressured speech
.
C Waxy flexibility
.
D Involuntary
. movement
Answer: C .
Step-by-Step explanation
Catatonia is a type of schizophrenia that have symptoms usually involve lack of movement or
immobility. One of the behaviors that the catatonic patient have is waxy flexibility where his or her
limbs stay in the position or unable to move. He or she needs another person to reposition his or her
limbs.
Therefore, the answer is waxy flexibility.
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QUESTION 2
1. Select the negative symptom of schizophrenia.
Answer: A .
A Anhedonia
.
B
Delusions
.
C
Catatonia
.
D Hallucinatio
. ns
Step-by-Step explanation
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects a person’s ability to think, behave, express
feelings, interpret reality, and interact with others. Schizophrenia is the most chronic and debilitating
of the main psychiatric disorders, despite its rarity.
There are symptoms of Schizophrenia – negative and positive ones.
We will talk about the positive symptoms first.
1.) Hallucinations – the patient can hear, smell, see and feel something that nobody does.2.) Delusion
– the patient have mistaken or faulty beliefs.
3) Disorganized thoughts – patient is having a hard time to sort out or to arrange his thoughts.4) Hard
to concentrate – lose focus on something or what he does.
5) Movement disorders.
QUESTION 1
1. Select the diagnostic criterion for catatonia resulting from a medical condition.
Walden University_NURS6635 Exam Final Winter 2021
So, we can eliminate “Delusions” (letter B) and “Hallucinations” (Letter D) as choices for negative
symptoms of Schizophrenia.
Now, we will talk about the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia.
1.) Lack of pleasure – the patient does not have joy or being happy whatever he does. Also called
anhedonia.
2.) Trouble of speech – don’t show or being open on his thoughts and feelings. Also called alogia.
3.) Flattening – no emotions in talking like monotonal talk.
4.) Withdrawal – no social life or having no plans with friends. Also called apathy.
5) Struggling with the basic chores in daily life – hard to do some basic stuff or stopping taking care of
themselves.
6.) No – follow through – also called avolition.
So, we can say that Anhedonia (letter A) is the answer, but what is Catatonia?
Catatonia is a psychomotor disorder. It involves the connection between the mental and movement
function. Recently, it was thought of as a type of Schizophrenia. Thus, Catatonia is not a negative
symptoms of Schizophrenia.
Thus, ANHEDONIA (Letter A) is the only negative symptoms of Schizophrenia in the given
choices.
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QUESTION 3
1. Select the most defining characteristic of inevitable suicide.
A Lack of family history
.
B Unexpected adverse drug
. effect
C Provider loses hope in
. patient
D Failure of best therapy
.
Answer: C .
Step-by-Step explanation
The lack of hope is the inevitable cause of suicide. If the provider loses hope in the patient then there
is no way for the patient to recover.
Option C is correct.
Walden University_NURS6635 Exam Final Winter 2021
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QUESTION 4
1. Select the type of neurochemical receptor that is blocked by caffeine.
A GABA
.
B
Glutamate
.
C Adenosine
.
D Norepinephri
. ne
Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive drug. The only molecular targets for caffeine at nontoxic doses are the
main adenosine receptors in the brain, namely the inhibitory A1 receptors (A1R) and the facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR)
(9)
QUESTION 5
1. Select the main cause female orgasmic disorder.
A Cultural
.
B Genetic
.
C Hormonal
.
D Psychologi
. cal
Answer: D .
Step-by-Step explanation The
right answer is Option D.
Physical, Situational & Psychological factors can contribute to female orgasmic disorder
such as:
1. Physical
1. Medical conditions
2. Medications
2. Situational
1. Sexual inexperience
2. Insufficient foreplay
3. Lack of understanding about how genital organs function4.
Poor communication about sex
3. Psychological
1. Guilty feeling about sex2.
Anxiety & depression 3.
Relationship issues
Walden University_NURS6635 Exam Final Winter 2021
4. Past abuse
Walden University_NURS6635 Exam Final Winter 2021
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QUESTION 6
1. Select the symptom not present in paranoid personality disorder.
A Denial of
. responsibility
B
Fixed delusions
.
C Suspicious of
. coworkers
D Hostility and
. irritability
Answer: A .
Step-by-Step explanation C￾Suspicious of coworkers
Suspicious of coworkers is a symptom of paranoid personality disorder it displays unusual behavior
towards others. Usually associated with trust issues and unstable self confidence. They tend to admit
with negative feelings towards others and uncomfortable having in a group. The symptoms of
paranoid personality disorder may appear in childhood or adolescence. People who suffer prefer
isolation, have weak peer relationships, social anxiety, academic underachievement, hypersensitivity,
idiosyncratic fantasies, and odd thoughts and language. These teenagers can seem “weird” or
“eccentric,” making them easy targets for bullying.
QUESTION 7
1. Select the disorder that is often comorbid with brief psychotic disorder.
A Generalized
. anxiety
B Bipolar I
.
C Depressive
.
D Personality
.
Answer: B .
Step-by-Step explanation
It is because a genetic link, who have mood disorder.
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QUESTION 8
1. Select the age before which a majority of paraphilic disorders occurs.
A 2
. 2
B 1
. 8
C 2
. 5
D 5
. 0
Answer: B .
Step-by-Step explanation
Paraphilias occurs primarily in males with an average onset between age 8 and 12. Hence option (B) is
the correct option
QUESTION 9
1. Select the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in the United States.
A 0.1-
. 1.0%
B 1-5%
.
C 5-10%
.
D 0.08%
.
Answer: A .
Step-by-Step explanation
The estimated number of people having schizophrenia in the US is 2.5 million. The total population of
US is 328 million.
Therefore, (2.5 million/328 million) x 100 = 0.76%
So, the answer is letter A. 0.1-1.0%
QUESTION 10
1. Select the age range of the highest rate of substance dependence or abuse.
A 12-17
.
B
18-25
.
C
26-40
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.
D 65 and
. older
Answer: B .
Step-by-Step explanation
Statistics on Specific Population Demographics and Addiction
Adolescents (aged 12-17):
 In 2017, approximately 4% of the American adolescent population age 12 to 17 suffered from a
substance use disorder; this equals 992,000 teens or 1 in 25 people in
 About 443,000 adolescents age 12 to 17 had an alcohol use disorder in 2017, or 1.8%
 An estimated 741,000 adolescents suffered from an illicit drug use disorder in 2017, or
Young adults aged 18-25:
 About 5.1 million young adults age 18 to 25 battled a substance use disorder in 2017,
 About 3.4 million young adults age 18 to 25 had an alcohol use disorder in 2017, or
 About 2.5 million young adults had an illicit drug use disorder in 2017, or about 7.3% of
 Heroin use among young adults between 18 and 25 years old doubled in the past
Over age 26:
 Approximately 13.6 million adults age 26 or older struggled with a substance use
 About 10.6 million adults age 26 and older had an alcohol use disorder in 2017, or
 About 4.3 million adults age 26 or older had an illicit drug use disorder in 2017, or 2%
Elderly individuals:
 More than 1 million elderly adults age 65 or older had a substance use disorder in
 That same year, about 978,000 of people in this age group had an alcohol use disorder
 Two-thirds of the senior citizens over the age of 65 who struggle with alcohol use
 Between 21% and 66% of elderly individuals battling a substance use disorder also
QUESTION 11
1. Select the characteristic that is greater in childhood than adult onset schizophrenia.
A Delusions
.
suffer from a co-occurring mental health disorder.
6
disorders developed the disorder before age 65.
6
and about 93,000 had an illicit drug use disorder.
7
2017.
7
of this age group.
1
about 5% of this age group.
1
disorder in 2017, or 6.4% of this age group.
1
decade.
4
this population.
1
about 10% of young adults.
1
which equates to 14.8% of this population and about 1 in 7 people.
1
about 3% of this population.
1
of adolescents.
1
this age group.
1
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B
Social withdrawal
.
C
Hallucinations
.
D Disorganized
. speech
QUESTION 12
1. Select the personality disorder in which patients are most likely to tolerate spousalabuse to avoid
losing sense of attachment.
A Dependent
.
B
Narcissistic
.
C Passive-
. aggressive
D Depressive
.
Answer: A .
Step-by-Step explanation
The correct answer is letter A.
NarcissisticEgotistical, arrogant, grandiose, insouciant. Preoccupied with fantasies of success,
beauty, or achievement. See themselves as admirable and superior, and therefore
entitled to special treatment. Is a mental disorder in which people have an inflated
sense of their own importance and a deep need for admiration. Those with narcissistic
personality disorder believe that they’re superior to others and have little regard for
other people’s feelings.
DependentHelpless, incompetent, submissive, immature. Withdrawn from adult responsibilities.
See themselves as weak or fragile. Seek constant reassurance from stronger figures.
They have the need to be taken care of by a person. They fear being abandoned or
separated from important people in their life.
DepressiveSomber, discouraged, pessimistic, brooding, fatalistic. Present themselves as vulnerable
and abandoned. Feel valueless, guilty, and impotent. Judge themselves as worthy only
of criticism and contempt. Hopeless, suicidal, restless. This disorder can lead to
aggressive acts and hallucinations.
Passive￾aggressive
(Negativistic)
Resentful, contrary, skeptical, discontented. Resist fulfilling others’ expectations.
Deliberately inefficient. Vent anger indirectly by undermining others’ goals.
Alternately moody and irritable, then sullen and withdrawn. Withhold emotions.
Will not communicate when there is something problematic to discuss.
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QUESTION 13
1. Select the personality disorder in which patients exhibit covert obstructionism,procrastination and
pessimism.
A Obsessive-
. compulsive
B
Sadomasochistic
.
C
Borderline
.
D Passive-aggressive
.
Answer: D .
Step-by-Step explanation
The answer is D. Passive-aggressive
According to Blais, M.A. et al, 2008, obstructionism and procrastination, is a major feature of
passive-aggressive personality disorder. This features are shown as passive resistance to authority for
any request of good performance. Also persons with this personality disorder shows pervasive negative
attitude (pessimism) toward the world.
Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/passive-aggressive￾personality-disorder
QUESTION 14
1. Select the drug of choice to treat psychosis in delirious patients.
A Chlorpromazi
. ne
B Alprazolam
.
C Clozapine
.
D
Haloperidol
.
Answer: A .
Step-by-Step explanation
Chlorpromazine is a phenothiazine used for the treatment of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia,
psychotic disorders, manic phase of bipolar disorder, severe behavioral problems in children. It enables
delirious patients to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It can reduce
aggressive behavior and the desire to hurt others or even the patients themselves. It helps in the
management of aggressive behavior in a patient as well as reduces hallucinations. It works by helping
to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain.
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Reference.
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-1444/chlorpromazine-oral/details
QUESTION 15
1. Select the substance of abuse with the strongest evidence for genetic association.
A Heroin
.
B Marijuan
. a
C Alcohol
.
D Cocaine
.
Answer: C .
Step-by-Step explanation
Alcohol
QUESTION 16
1. Select the type of hallucinations most common in schizophrenia.
A Tactile
.
B
Visual
.
C Auditor
. y
D Olfacto
. ry
Answer: C .
Step-by-Step explanation
Answer: Auditory
Hallucinations are characterized as non-comprehensible perceptions and feelings to others.
However, to the person witnessing them, they can seem actual, immediate, and vibrant.. Auditory
hallucinations are the most frequent in schizophrenia.
People with schizophrenia are more likely to have auditory disturbances, which involve
hearing voices—sometimes several voices—or other sounds such as whispering or murmuring.
Voices may appear furious or urgent, and they often make demands on the hallucinating person.
Reference
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Birnbaum, R., & Weinberger, D. R. (2017). Genetic insights into the neurodevelopmental origins of
schizophrenia. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 18(12), 727-740.
McCutcheon, R. A., Marques, T. R., & Howes, O. D. (2020). Schizophrenia—an
overview. JAMA psychiatry, 77(2), 201-210.
QUESTION 17
1. Select the neurotransmitter system that is most associated with the addictiverewarding
properties of opioids.
A Dopaminer
. gic
B Serotonergi
. c
C
Adrenergic
.
D Glutamater
. gic
https://www.coursehero.com/qa/attachment/18943142/
QUESTION 18
Select the preferred drug used to treat alcohol withdrawal.
A Fluoxetin
. e
B Propranol
. ol
C Lorazepa
. m
D Phenytoin
.
Answer: C .
Step-by-Step explanation
The correct answer is (C) Lorazepam
In general hospital settings, alcohol dependence is a normal occurrence. It makes up a large
portion of the referrals that a consultation-liaison psychiatrist receives. Medication over 80 are used to
treat or control withdrawal symptoms of alcohol.
Treatment of withdrawal can be done with delirium DT with it aim being to achieve a peaceful,
but awake state or light somnolence, which is characterized as a sleep from which the patient can be
easily awakened. This is ideally accomplished by administering intravenous diazepam at regular
intervals while carefully watching the patient during the process. Patients with
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hepatic disease, pulmonary disease, or the elderly who are at risk of over-sedation and respiratory
depression from diazepam may benefit from intravenous or intramuscular lorazepam.
Reference
Clinical management of alcohol withdrawal: A systematic review. (2018). PubMed Central (PMC).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4085800/
QUESTION 19
1. Select the neurotransmitter that is most associated with the occurrence of ADHD.
A Serotonin
.
B Dopamine
.
C Acetylcholi
. ne
D Glutamate
.
Answer: B .
Step-by-Step explanation
 At one time, scientists thought that low levels of a neurotransmitter named dopamine caused
ADHD. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter implicated in many psychiatric problems. Among
other things, dopamine impacts movement, mood, motivation, and attention.
 These chemicals are called neurotransmitters. Dopamine and norepinephrine aretwo
neurotransmitters that may play a role in ADHD.
QUESTION 20
1. Select the most frequently abused illicit drug.
A
Marijuana
.
B
Heroin
.
C
Cocaine
.
D Phencyclidi
. ne
Answer: A .
Step-by-Step explanation
Marijuana is the most frequent used illicit drug across the globe. This is supported by the different
stands on legalization of the same. According to stats, in 2018 at least 53.2 million people had used
marijuana that year. This indicates how it is easily abused.
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QUESTION 21
1. Select the percentage of substance-addicted persons with a concurrent psychiatricdisorder.
A 6
. 0
B 5
. 0
C 4
. 0
D 2
. 0
Answer: B .
Step-by-Step explanation
50 per cent of people diagnosed with a substance use disorder (other than alcohol) will also have a
mental health disorder at some point in their lives. This is close to four times the rate found in people
who do not have a lifetime history of a substance use disorder.
QUESTION 22
1. Select the drug that is most safe and effective in treating mild to moderate memoryloss in early
Alzheimer’s disease.
A Donepezil
.
B Risperido
. ne
C Benztropi
. ne
D Tacrine
.
Answer: D .
Step-by-Step explanation
Tacrine is the first drug to be approved for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. It
is thought to increase concentrations of acetylcholine, one of the key neurotransmitters in Alzheimer’s
disease.
QUESTION 23
1. Select the usual time delay to the onset of tardive dyskinesia symptoms afterinitiating
antipsychotic drug therapy.
A 7-10
. days
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B
6 weeks
.
C 3
. months
D 6
. months
Answer: B .
Step-by-Step explanation
Error in choices. The correct answer is choice (C) 3 months. Tardive dyskinesia is a side effect of
antipsychotic drugs that causes involuntary movement of muscles of the face. The drugs work by
inhibiting dopamine secretion, which mediates the brain’s action to control muscle. it is normally
associated with very high doses, or when the drugs are taken for longer periods of time.
QUESTION 24
1. Select two comorbid factors common in schizophrenic patients.
A Substance abuse
.
B Residing in a low population
. density
C Lack of seasonal influenza
. vaccination
D Undiagnosed medical illness
.
Answer:
A . and D .
Step-by-Step explanation
Answers are letter A and D. Psychiatric Comorbidity happens side to side with schizophrenia, it aids
the disease to be even more difficult. A factor are undiagnosed medical illnesses, people who suffer
from this tends to be more vulnerable to medical illnesses and the fact that it was not yet discovered,
they are commonly associated and at higher risks with chronic medical disorders. Another factor is
substance abuse, this comorbidity dominates those who suffer with schizophrenia. During the course of
the disease, those who suffer from it might probably look for alternative options to cope with it,
resulting to substance abuse that could result to their condition, getting worse.
QUESTION 25
1. Select the psychiatric disorder for which the term neuroleptic is used to describe drugeffects.
A Bipolar I
.
B Schizophrenia
.
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C Generalized
. anxiety
D Depression
.
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics, are a class of psychotropic medication primarily used to
manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in
schizophrenia but also in a range of other psychotic disorders.
QUESTION 26
1. Select the two characteristics that describe normal sexual behavior.
A Varies from era to era
.
B Reflects cultural mores
.
C Remains consistent from era
. to era
D Is compulsive
.
Answer:
B . and C .
Step-by-Step explanation
Characteristics of normal sexual behavior include that the behavior is spontaneous or intermittent
light hearted and playful,occurs between children of similar age ,size and ability who may be the same
and opposite genders and typically decreased with caregiver guidance and supervision
QUESTION 27
1. Select the most common paraphilic disorder.
A Voyeuris
. m
B
Zoophilia
.
C Pedophili
. a
D Fetishis
. m
Answer:
C .
Step-by-Step explanation
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A paraphilic disorder is an act, fantasy or desire that includes inanimate objects, children o
nonconsenting adults in order to satisfy desire. It is different than paraphilia.
In this case Pedophilia is the most common paraphillic disorder which involves sexual
affection for children.
QUESTION 28
1. Select the brain region devoid of cannabinoid receptors.
A Brain stem
.
B Basal
. ganglia
C
Cerebellum
.
D Hippocamp
. us
QUESTION 29
1. Select the most common error by the provider in the practice of family-orientedtherapy for
persons with schizophrenia.
A Reducing drug dosage to eliminate adverse effects too quickly
.
B
Encouraging family to promote patients to resume normal activity too quickly
.
C Controlling emotional intensity of family sessions with patients with
. schizophrenia
D Open discussion by practitioner with family about the patient’s frightening
. psychotic symptoms
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
Its necessary for a family member of schizophrenia, to support him, to sympathise him. So
promoting daily activity TOO QUICKLY by the care provider will be a mistake. As the patient
wants someone to hear and feel what they goes through. So instead of promoting
their daily activities quickly they should focus on their mental health as its a slow procedure treating
them with this.
QUESTION 30
1. Select the rating scale used to assess medication-induced movement disorders.
A CAG
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QUESTION 32
1. Select the time of treatment of schizophrenic patients with correct antipsychotic drug
therapy that represents an adequate medication trial.
. E
B MMS
. E
C AIMS
.
D BPRS
.
Answer:
C .
Step-by-Step explanation
Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) is used to assess medication-induced movement
disorders such as dyskinesia. Dyskinesia is an uncontrolled involuntary movement expressed in the
arms, legs or head, and trunk, which includes items such as facial behaviors (jaw, facial muscles,
tongue, and lips), full-body behaviors (upper, lower, and trunk), and general severity of involuntary
movements and incapacitation due to these movements.

QUESTION 31
1. Select the theorist who first studied social and cultural influences on suicide.
A Freud
.
B Durkhei
. m
C Menning
. er
D Beck
.
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
I think Durkheim was the first theorist who studied social and cultural influences on suicide. He
plotted social regulation on x-axis and social integration in y-axis. This way he started his study.
Durkheim’s study demonstrates that what is thought to be a highly individual act is actually socially
patterned and has social, not only psychological, causes.
.
So, the correct answer is B. Durkheim
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A 2 to 4 weeks
.
B
4 to 6 weeks
.
C 3 to 6
. months
D 6 to 12
. months
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
Antipsychotic medications can help calm and clear up confusion in a person with acute psychosis
(specifically schizophrenia), in a matter of hours or days, but can take up to four to six weeks to reach
their full effect.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option B. 4 to 6 weeks
QUESTION 33
1. Select the two behaviors of schizophrenic patients that occur more frequently than inthe general
population.
A Homicid
. e
B
Violence
.
C
Suicide
.
D Pyroman
. ia
Answer:
A . and C .
Step-by-Step explanation
People diagnose with schizophrenia are 2-3 times more likely to die prematurely than the rest of
the general population. About 4.9% of people with schizophrenia die by suicide, this rate is far
greater than the general population. Another behavior is homicide, the risk of homicide to
individuals with schizophrenia is 0.3% which is greater compared to 0.02% of the general
population.
QUESTION 34
1. Select the neurotransmitter that increases sexual desire.
A Norepinephri
. ne
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B Dopamine
.
C GABA
.
D Serotonin
.
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
Upon reading the context, it shows that we are asked to determine in which of the following options was
the neurotransmitters that increases the sexual desire.
Answer: Dopamine
From our general knowledge in Biology, Dopamine is a neurotransmitter made in the brain
that can increase sexual desire. It acts as a chemical messenger between neurons and releases when
your brain is expecting a reward. This plays a vital role in how we feel pleasure. It’s a big part of our
uniquely human ability to think and plan. It helps us strive, focus, and find things interesting.
Basically, our body spreads it along four major pathways in the brain. Like most other systems
in the body, we don’t notice it until there’s a problem. Too much or too little of it can lead to a vast
range of health issues. It is involved in neurological and physiological functioning that contributes to
the factor in motor function, mood, and even our decision making. It’s also associated with some
movement and psychiatric disorders.
QUESTION 35
Select the two Freudian stages of psychosexual development.
A Olfacto
. ry
B
Oral
.
C
Tactile
.
D Genital
.
Answer:
B . and D .
Step-by-Step explanation
In Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development, it consists of 5 stages where a child goes through a
series of psychosexual stages that leads to the development of the adult personality
Freud’s 5 Stages of Psychosexual Development
(1) The Oral Stage
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(2) The Anal Stage
(3) The Phallic Stage
(4) The Latent Period
(5) The Genital Stage
QUESTION 36
1. Select the most frequent cause of intellectual disability in U.S. children.
A Lead poisoning
.
B Fetal alcohol
. syndrome
C Dietary protein
. deficiency
D Maternal marijuana
. use
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
Fetal alcohol sysndrome is the most frequent cause of intellectual disability in US children. It isis are
result of child’s exposure to alcoholic drinks during the mother’s period of pregnancy. It cause several
defects on various part of child’s brain which results to poor brain communication.
QUESTION 37
1. Select the substance that is most commonly abused by adolescents.
A Cocaine
.
B
Marijuana
.
C Methamphetam
. ine
D Alcohol
.
Answer:
D .
Step-by-Step explanation
The most commonly abused substance by adolescents is alcohol
Answer:
D. alcohol
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ption b is correct.
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QUESTION 38
1. Select the percent blood alcohol level at which voluntary motor activity becomesimpaired.
A 0.
. 4
B 0.
. 3
C 0.
. 2
D 0.
. 1
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
The alcohol level of 0.3 % and higher results in complete loss of consciousness and it can affect
voluntary motor activity.
o
QUESTION 39
1. Select the disorder in which the highest percentage of patients commit suicide.
A Schizophrenia
.
B Anxiety
.
C Alcohol
. dependence
D Mood
.
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
Risk of suicide mortality was highest among those with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. There
are suggestions in several research studies that suicide is much more likely to occur in those
individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder who are not being
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adequately treated or not being treated at all.
Schizophrenic patients are at a significantly high risk for suicide. They may experience hallucinations,
often auditory, such as voices commanding them to kill themselves (command hallucinations). In
addition, these individuals may, in the context and as a result of their illness, become depressed; they
realize that they are different from others.
Persons with schizophrenia may also have moments of insight during which they realize that they may
not achieve some life goals that others can accomplish. Individuals who are considered highly
functional seem to be at high risk for suicide, perhaps because of their ability to appreciate how they
are different from others and how their life is different from what they wish it to be.
QUESTION 40
1. Select the psychiatric disorder in which patients refuse mental health care and denytheir problems.
A Obsessive-
. compulsive
B Depressive
.
C Personality
.
D Anxiety
.
Answer:
C .
Step-by-Step explanation
A personality disorder is a form of mental illness in which you have a fixed and dysfunctionalway of
thinking, acting, and behaving. An individual who suffers from a personality disorder has difficulty
perceiving and relating to circumstances and individuals. Relationships, social events, education, and
school are all affected.
You may be unaware that you have a personality disorder because your way of
thinking and acting seems normal to you. You can also place blame on others for your difficulties.
-This is the main reason why people with personality disorders refuse mental health care because they
believe that they are normal and they even blame others for their problems.
A personality disorder is grouped into three clusters. These are Paranoid Personality
Disorder, Schizoid personality disorder, and Schizotypal personality disorder.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
 Fear of someone using the knowledge against you, causing you to be unable to share it with
others. (Denying the problems)
 Do not trust others because of fear.
 Fear of someone using the knowledge against you, causing you to be unable to share it with
others.
The disorder referred to in the question mostly referred to the Paranoid Personality
Disorder, wherein the patient denies about their problems and refuses mental healthcare
because of mistrust and fear.
FINAL
1 points
QUESTION 41
1. Select the two patient populations in which delirium occurs most frequently.
A General
. surgical
B
Terminally ill
.
C Long-term
. care
D Critical care
.
Answer:
B . and C .
Step-by-Step explanation
Delirium can be triggered by a serious medical illness such as an infection, certain medications, and
other causes, such as drug withdrawal or intoxication. Older patients, over 65 years, are at highest risk
for developing delirium. People with previous brain disease or brain damage are also at risk.
Overall, the most common causes of delirium are the following: Drugs, particularly drugs with
anticholinergic effects, psychoactive drugs, and opioids. Dehydration. Infections, such as pneumonia, a
bloodstream infection (sepsis), infections that affect the whole body or cause a fever, and urinary tract
infections.
QUESTION 42
1. Select the procedure most applicable to confirming a diagnosis of delirium.
A MR
. I
B
CT
.
C EE
. G
D PE
. T
Answer:
C .
Step-by-Step explanation The
correct answer is C. EEG
Diagnosis
A doctor can diagnose delirium on the basis of medical history, tests to assess mental status and the
identification of possible contributing factors. An examination may include:
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 Mental status assessment. A doctor starts by assessing awareness, attention and thinking. This
may be done informally through conversation, or with tests or screeningsthat assess mental
state, confusion, perception and memory. Additional information from family members or
caregivers can be helpful.
 Physical and neurological exams. The doctor performs a physical exam, checking for signs
of health problems or underlying disease. A neurological exam — checking vision, balance,
coordination and reflexes — can help determine if a stroke or another neurological disease is
causing the delirium.
 Other tests. The doctor may order blood, urine and other diagnostic tests. Brain-imaging
tests may be used when a diagnosis can’t be made with other available information.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is highly useful in detecting delirium. The EEG can be of some
diagnostic value in delirium. Generalized slowing and disorganization are the usual abnormalities.
These changes are seen whether or not the delirium is of the hypo- or hyperactive type. In EEG
characteristics of delirium include slowing or dropout of the posteriordominant rhythm, generalized
theta or delta slow-wave activity, poor organization of the background rhythm, and loss of reactivity of
the EEG to eye-opening and closing. Fast activity may be found in those withdrawing from drugs. The
EEG is also useful to exclude seizure activity. Imaging with computed tomography or magnetic
resonance imaging scans may rarely show a focal and causative abnormality. Subdural collections may
also be unexpectedly discovered in patients with no recollection of injury. The cerebrospinal fluid
examination may be needed when central nervous system infection, or subarachnoid or malignant
meningitis, are considered.
EEG signals characteristic of delirium are called ‘diffuse slow wave’. The term ‘diffuse’ indicates that
across all 20 leads, the brain wave signals are almost the same, showing low frequency (‘slowing’). In
fact, slow EEG brainwave signals have been known to be associated with delirium since the 1940s.19
This fact allows for great simplification in lead placement on the subject’s head. Placing only two
channels (i.e., bispectral EEG [BSEEG]) on the head will allow for even non-experts to apply the
device. This meets a critical need in that specialized neurologists and technicians are not required to
perform BSEEG, and it permits mass screening to occur.

QUESTION 43
1. Select the subtype of schizophrenia in which auditory hallucinations are frequent.
A Catatonic
.
B Paranoid
.
C Disorganiz
. ed
D Residual
.
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
FINAL
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1 points
Result B
Paranoid
It is the most common type of schizophrenia in most of the world, characterized by the presence of
auditory hallucinations (hallucinatory voices that scold the sick by giving him orders) and delusions.
Fundamentally, delusional ideas are of persecution, prejudice or both, but delusional ideas can also be
presented with another theme, although they are usually organized around a coherent theme.
QUESTION 44
1. Select the two defense mechanisms used commonly by patients with personalitydisorders.
A Introjectio
. n
B Repressio
. n
C Splitting
.
D Projection
.
Answer:
C . and D .
Step-by-Step explanation
People who suffer from personality disorder has an unhealthy way of thinking, they cannot simply
understand and relate to the people and the current situation around them. The two common defense
mechanisms for patient who suffer from this could be explained. Splitting happens when a person fails
to differentiate the positive and negative traits of a person or the situation itself, resulting for them to
act unlikely and have the notation of “there is no in between”, they may see it as either good or bad,
there is no in between for them. Another defense mechanism is projection. In projection, they tend to
pass the burden or the fault to other people but not to their selves. In that way, they easily find the
other person more faulty or lesser than them. These are common defense mechanisms that people with
personality disorder suffer and broad understanding for them would be appreciated.
QUESTION 45
1. Select the two drugs used to treat alcohol dependence.
A Naltrexo
.
ne
B Clonidine
.
C Lorazepa
. m
D Disulfira
FINAL
1 points
1 points
. m
QUESTION 46
1. Select two criteria to diagnose gender dysphoria in children.
A Play preferred with same gender
. children
B Urinating in body position of desired
. gender
C Play preferred with opposite gender
. children
D Dressing in clothing of assigned
. gender
Answer:
B . and C .
Step-by-Step explanation
Gender dysphoria in simplest words, is the strong desire experienced (in this case, by children) that
insists themselves to be the other gender different from what is naturally assigned by birth (sex: female
or male). It lies in their gender identity or their psychological interpretation of their gender.
In childhood, this may be seen when the child expresses dismay or distress because of the
DISCREPANCY that they feel towards their “assigned gender” and “desired gender”. So in response to
this, they prefer to do, have or follow the things that the opposite gender usually does.
Some people undergo psychotherapy in a form of dialectical behavior therapy to be able to develop
beneficial coping skills, validation of emotions and eliminate cases of self-harm due toenormous
distress.
QUESTION 47
1. Select the time of onset for tolerance to develop from continuous use ofhallucinogens such
as LSD.
A 1-2
. days
B 3-4
. days
C 4-7
. days
D 5-9
.
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
FINAL
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1 points
Hi. I hope you are doing great.
The answer to the question ranges from 3-4 days.
Tolerance develops fast to the effects of LSD. After the third or fourth consecutive days of taking
LSD, no amount of the drug can produce the desired effects. In addition, after a short period of
abstinence (about 3-4 days) normal tolerance reoccurs.
QUESTION 48
1. Select the youngest age by which early-onset schizophrenia occurs.
A 1
. 0
B 1
. 3
C 1
. 5
D 1
. 8
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
The correct answer is B. 13
Schizophrenia is a mental illness in which an individual has abnormal perceptions of reality and which
affects approximately 1% of the world’s population. This condition may lead to hallucinations and
delusions. It is a rare case for children to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia.The onset of Schizophrenia
occurs in the 20s but the condition may have very early-onset at the age of 13 years and early onset
might be the age before 18 years.
Reference
The realities of childhood schizophrenia. (2020, July 21). Psychiatric Times.

QUESTION 49
1. Select the category of symptoms that is most commonly comorbid with cognitivedisorders.
A Behavior
. al
B Emotion
. al
C Medical
.
D Physical
.
Answer:
A .
FINAL
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QUESTION 52
1. Select the disorder in which is characterized by lack breast development.
Step-by-Step explanation The
answer is A. Behavioral.
Most cognitive disorders are associated with the impairment judgement, thus affects the
behavior of a certain patient.
QUESTION 50
1. Select the most reliable method to make a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
A
Mental status exam
.
B Intermittent
. hallucinations
C Impaired abstract
. thinking
D Patient history
.
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
A mental status exam help in diagnosis of schizophrenia.
QUESTION 51
1. Select the percentage of the U.S. population with a substance dependence problemas of year
2012.
A 25
. %
B 20
. %
C 10
. %
D
5%
.
https://www.coursehero.com/qa/attachment/18950797/
A Klinefelter’s
. syndrome
B 5-α-reductase
. deficiency
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Answer:
C .
C
Turner’s syndrome
.
D Transvestic disorder
.
Step-by-Step explanation
Turner’s syndrome affects only women and causes development disorders. So, the lack of breast
development can be attributed to Turner’s syndrome.
QUESTION 53
1. Select two terms preferred to describe sexual orientation.
A Gay
.
B Heterosex
. ual
C Homosexu
. al
D Lesbian
.
Answer:
B . and C .
Step-by-Step explanation
B) Heterosexual: is the person who is totally clear and according to their sex, only has an
attraction for people of the opposite sex.
C) Homosexual: is that person who is attracted to people of the same sex.
These terms are used since they are the best known and they accurately define each
situation.
Today there are many terms and many (crazy) trends, but every time you use a new terminology instead
of clarifying the situation, what happens is that attention is distracted from the central issue.
QUESTION 54
1. Select the characteristic of masturbation.
A Can predispose to mental
. illness
B
Decreases sexual potency
.
C Is most universally
. practiced
D Is a sin against religious
. doctrine
FINAL
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1 points
1 points
QUESTION 57
1. Select the drug that is most likely to cause parkinsonian movement symptoms.
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
Answer is A. Based on scientific studies, masturbation is natural activity many people do when they
explore their bodies to find pleasure. However, this sexual activity may cause mental health issues to
individuals which may result to feelings of guilt, anxiety and other mood disorders. This can be a cause
for health problems as well as a sinful and shameful act.Therefore, this can predispose to mental
illness.
QUESTION 55
1. Select the medical condition that occurs less frequently in schizophrenic patientsthan in the
general population.
A Diabetes mellitus
.
B Obesity
.
C Cardiovascular
. disease
D Rheumatoid
. arthritis
QUESTION 56
1. Select the factor that best correlates with attempted and completed suicide.
A
Mental illness
.
B Socioeconomic
. status
C
Religion
.
D Age
.
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
Mental disorders exist frequently throughout the world. Some are shown, some are not. Some mental
illnesses include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and many more. Likewise, an individual who has
mental illness may think less of himself that progresses to thinking that there is no meaning in life.
Hence, a greater risk in attempting or committing suicide happens. Hope this helps you student.
FINAL
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A Lorazepa
. m
B Propranol
. ol
C Benztropi
. ne
D Haloperid
. ol
Answer:
D
Step-by-Step explanationD)
Haloperidol
It was soon recognized that all typical antipsychotics had the potential to cause EPS, including
parkinsonism, acute dystonia, akathisia, and TD.
Typical antipsychotics include chlorpromazine, promazine, haloperidol, perphenazine, fluphenazine,
and pimozide.
Source: Hae-Won Shin and Sun Ju Chung (2012) Drug-Induced Parkinsonism
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3325428/
QUESTION 58
1. Select the personality disorder in which patients are continually in crisis and exhibitunpredictable
behavior.
A Antisocia
. l
B Paranoid
.
C Borderlin
. e
D Histrioni
. c
https://www.coursehero.com/qa/attachment/18950992/
QUESTION 59
1. Select the main goal of psychosocial therapies for persons with schizophrenia.
A Reduce frequency of auditory hallucinations
.
B Develop coping skills for adverse effects of
. antipsychotic drugs
C
Develop skills for independent living
.
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1 points
Answer:
C .
D Reduce exacerbations and re-hospitalizations
.
Step-by-Step explanation
Defining ‘Psychosocial’ – relating to the interrelation of social factors and individual thought and
behavior.

Answer:
C .
A Parkinson’s
. disease
B Alcohol abuse
.
C Alzheimer’s
. disease
D Subdural
. hematoma
Step-by-Step explanation Answer:
C. Alzheimer’s disease.
Explanation: Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of a progressive dementia in
Elderly persons.
QUESTION 61
1. Select the development time of symptoms in neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
A 12-24
. hours
B 24-72
. hours
C
4-7 days
.
D 10-14
. days
Answer:
B .
1 points
QUESTION 60
1. Select the most common cause of dementia in elderly persons.
FINAL
1 points
Step-by-Step explanation
Rationale:
The neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare severe medical disorder usually caused by an adverse
reaction to medications with dopamine receptor-antagonist properties (Berman B.D., 2011). The
symptoms (e.g.changes in mental status, muscular rigidity, autonomic instability, and hyperthermia)
gradually developed over a period of 24 to 72 hours.
REFERENCE:
 The Internet Book of Critical Care is an online textbook written by Josh Farkas
(@PulmCrit)
 Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry
 Berman B. D. (2011). Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a review for
neurohospitalists. The Neurohospitalist, 1(1), 41-47.

QUESTION 62
1. Select the brain region that shows the greatest anatomical abnormalities inschizophrenic
patients.
A Hippocampus
.
B
Amygdala
.
C Prefrontal
. cortex
D Basal ganglia
.
Answer:
C .
Step-by-Step explanation
One of the brain regions most consistently implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is the
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortical is thought to be an
underlying substrate for thought disorder in schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia perform poorly
on an array of tasks that depend on prefrontal cortical function, for example, Continuous Performance
(attention), Stroop (cognitive inhibition), Wisconsin Card Sort (cognitive flexibility), Delayed
Response (working memory) and N-Back (working memory) tasks.
1 points
QUESTION 63
1. Select the mental function that is most affected in mild cognitive impairment.
A General cognition
.
B Activities of daily
. living
C Geographic
FINAL
. orientation
D Recent memory
.
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
Individuals with MCI are fully good at self; they have a mild deficiency in functional activities ofdaily
life (IADL), whereas people with dementia need support or at the very least monitoring for the simple
activities of daily living (BADL)
While cognitive assessments are regularly performed and helpful for predicting MCI and dementia in
clinical environments, caregivers can more readily observe behaviors representing everyday living
tasks in real-life situations. They not only offer insight on everyday life functions, but they also discuss
engagement barriers in order to better intervene.
Reference
Mcalister, C., Schmitter-Edgecombe, M., & Lamb, R. (2016). Examination of variables that may affect
the relationship between cognition and functional status in individuals with mild cognitive impairment:
A meta-analysis. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 31(2), 123-147.
Whitehair, D. C., Sherzai, A., Emond, J., Raman, R., Aisen, P. S., Petersen, R. C., & Fleisher,
A. S. (2010). Influence of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 on rates of cognitive and functional decline inmild
cognitive impairment. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 6(5), 412-419.
1 points
QUESTION 64
1. Select the time frame for symptoms of schizophreniform disorder.
Answer:
B .
A 2 to 6
. weeks
B 1 to 5
. months
C 6 to 8
. months
D 1 year
.
Step-by-Step explanation
The answer is B 1 to 5 months
Symptoms of schizophreniform disorder such as prodromal, active and residual phases must last at
least 1 month but not longer than 6 months, while symptoms of schizophrenia must last at least 6
months.
References
Lentz, C. (2017). Psychotic Disorders in Emergency. Big Book of Emergency Department Psychiatry: A
Guide to Patient Centered Operational Improvement.
Kamal, S., El-Gabalawy, O., Zhao, N., & MacLeod, J. (2020). Depiction of Mental Illness in
Film and Association with Financial and Critical Success. medRxiv.
FINAL
1 points
QUESTION 65
1. Select the personality disorder in which patients are preoccupied with perfectionismand
interpersonal control.
Answer:
B .
A Passive-aggressive
.
B Obsessive-
. compulsive
C
Narcissistic
.
D Avoidance
.
A Social stigma against male
. feminism
B Deficiency of androgenic
. hormones
C Social acceptance of female
. masculinity
D Excess of estrogenic hormones
.
Step-by-Step explanation
The correct answer is B
Deficiency of androgenic hormones.
Dysphoria in male is mostly due to additional hormones in the mother’s system or by the foetus’s
insensitivity to the hormones, known as androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). Through this, gender
dysphoria may be caused by hormones which fail to work properly withinthe womb. Androgens are
crucial for male sexual and reproductive function. since they are responsible for the development of
secondary sexual characteristics in men which include; Facial and body hair growth and voice change.
Androgens also affect bone, muscle development and metabolism. If a male has insufficient
testosterone, the symptoms may include erectile dysfunction, and reduced bone mass and sex drive.
The hormone is importantin the development of the bones and muscles, deepening of the voice, hair
growth, and other physical factors related to appearance.
Reference
Better Health Channel. (2018). Androgen deficiency in men.

1 points
QUESTION 66
1. Select the factor associated with a four- to five-fold greater occurrence of gender
dysphoria in male than in female children.
FINAL
1 points
QUESTION 67
1. Select the age range at which most children with gender dysphoria begin to showincreased anxiety
over anticipated changes to their bodies.
A 11 to
. 14
B 7 to
. 10
C
6 to 8
.
D 3 to 4
.
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
As adolescence is an important time for identity as well as psychosexual development in young people
with gender identity concerns. The outcomes of GDC have been discussed in terms of its persistence
and desistence. Hence, for most children with GDC, whether GD will persist or either desist will
probably be determined between the ages of 10 and 13 years, although some might need more time.
The 10 available prospective follow-up studies from childhood to adolescence (reviewed in the study
by Ristori and Steensma28) show that GD recedes with puberty in 80% of children who meet the
criteria for GDC. Instead, many of theseteenagers would declare themselves non-heterosexual.
References
Kaltiala-Heino, R., Bergman, H., Työläjärvi, M., & Frisén, L. (2018). Gender dysphoria in adolescence:
current perspectives. Adolescent health, medicine and therapeutics, 9, 31.
QUESTION 68
1. Select the drug used to treat age-related sexual dysfunction.
A sildenafil
.
B fluoxetine
.
C oxandrolo
. ne
D lorazepam
.
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
Erectile dysfunction is often treated with oral drugs as the first line of defense. These drugs work well
and have few side effects for most men who have difficulty maintaining an erection hard enough for
sex (erectile dysfunction).
1 points
FINAL
1 points
Sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn), tadalafil (Cialis), and avanafil (Stendra) are oral drugs
that improve the effects of nitric oxide, a naturally occurring chemical in your body that relaxes the
muscles in your penis. This helps you to get an erection in response to sexualstimulation by increasing
blood flow.
Reference
Padma-Nathan, H., & Giuliano, F. (2001). Oral drug therapy for erectile dysfunction. Urologic Clinics
of North America, 28(2), 321-334.
Goldstein, I., Burnett, A. L., Rosen, R. C., Park, P. W., & Stecher, V. J. (2019). The
serendipitous story of sildenafil: an unexpected oral therapy for erectile dysfunction. Sexual medicine
reviews, 7(1), 115-128.
QUESTION 69
1. Select the characteristic of sexually abused children.
A More common in females
.
B Denial of abuse episodes
.
C Sexual knowledge beyond their
. age
D Non-recognition of abusive
. behaviors
Answer:
C .
Step-by-Step explanation
Here are some signs that a child may have been sexually abused: Physical signs:
 Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
 Signs of trauma to the genital area, such as unexplained bleeding, bruising, or blood on the
sheets, underwear, or other clothing
Behavioral signs:
 Excessive talk about or knowledge of sexual topics
 Keeping secrets. Not talking as much as usual
 Not wanting to be left alone with certain people or being afraid to be away from primary
caregivers, especially if this is a new behavior
 Regressive behaviors or resuming behaviors they had grown out of, such as thumb-sucking
or bedwetting
 Overly compliant behavior
 Sexual behavior that is inappropriate for the child’s age
 Spending an unusual amount of time alone
 Trying to avoid removing clothing to change or bathe
Emotional signs:
 Change in eating habits
 Change in mood or personality, such as increased aggression
 Decrease in confidence or self-image
 Excessive worry or fearfulness
 Increase in unexplained health problems such as stomach aches and headaches
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 Loss or decrease in interest in school, activities, and friends
 Nightmares or fear of being alone at night
 Self-harming behaviors
A child who excessively talks about or has an unusual knowledge of sexual topics, who showssexual
behavior that is inappropriate for his/her age may have been sexually abused.

QUESTION 70
1. Select the rare adverse effect of SSRI antidepressants.
A Tardive dyskinesia
.
B Restless leg
. syndrome
C Parkinsonian
. symptoms
D Hyperthermia
.
Answer:
C .
Step-by-Step explanation
SSRI antidepressant though useful for curing depression, can induce some adverse effects if not
monitored and regulated. One of the most adverse effect induced through SSRI antidepressant is
Parkinsonian symptoms. These include trembling, slowing down of movement and impaired balance.
QUESTION 71
1. Select the drug that is least life-threatening when consumed in an overdose.
A Pentobarbit
. al
B
Zolpidem
.
C Eszopiclon
. e
D Diazepam
.
Answer:
D .
Step-by-Step explanation
Above all the drugs, the diazepam has the least life threatening drug. Diazepam is a benzodiazepine and
is use for the treatment of anxiety disorders, seizures and neurologic disorders.
FINAL
1 points
1 points
In the case of single agent diazepam overdose, the effect of this is rarely fatal.
QUESTION 72
1. Select the distinguishing characteristic of paraphilic disorders.
A Deviation from normal sexual
. behavior
B
Motivated by need to procreate
.
C Expression of love between two
. persons
D Cooperation to achieve mutual
. pleasure
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
Paraphilic Disorder
 also known as sexual perversion and sexual deviation, the experience of intense sexual
arousal to atypical objects, situations, fantasies, behaviors or individuals.
 the recurrent, intense, sexually arousing fantasies, urges or behaviors that are distressing or
disabling and that involve inanimate objects, children or nonconsenting adults or suffering or
humiliation of oneself or the partner with the potential to cause harm.
 The exact causes leading to the development of paraphilias or paraphilic disorders are not
known, though it posit to childhood sexual trauma, others believe certain objects or situations
may become sexually arousing if they are frequently associated with pleasurable sexual
activity.
QUESTION 73
1. Select the neurotransmitter that is most implicated in schizophrenia based on theeffectiveness of
antipsychotic drug therapy.
A Norepinephri
. ne
B
Dopamine
.
C
GABA
.
D Glutamate
.
Answer:
C .
Step-by-Step explanation
FINAL
1 points
1 points
GABA is implicated in the pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia. Benzodiazepines(that
work on GABA-A receptor allosteric sites) have often been used with antipsychotic medications in
patients with schizophrenia.
QUESTION 74
1. Select the initial intervention to treat children experiencing acute school refusal.
A One-week delay until return to
. school
B Return to school the next
. normal day
C Seek enrollment in a different
. school
D Start therapy with imipramine
.
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
Acute school refusal is not that serious and it only lasts for a very short time as compared to chronic
school refusal. Allowing a student to have a week delay until return to school is the initial treatment
of acute school refusal. This allows the student to adjust. However, if the school refusal persists then
one can just start therapy with imipramine to reduce depression that might be associated with the
school refusal behavior.
QUESTION 75
1. Select the two patient populations most likely suffer neuroleptic-inducedparkinsonian
symptoms.
A Female
.
B Male
.
C Elderly
.
D Adolescen
. ts
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanationA.
Female
C. Elderly
These are the most to likely to suffer from the symptoms.
1 points
FINAL
1 points
QUESTION 76
1. Select the psychoactive substance that is most frequently consumed worldwide.
A Nicotine
.
B
Caffeine
.
C
Alcohol
.
D Marijuan
. a
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanationB.
Caffeine
It is the widely used psychoactive substance in the world
QUESTION 77
1. Select the intrinsic chemical released in orgasm that reinforces pleasurablesensation.
A
Dopamine
.
B
Serotonin
.
C Epinephri
. ne
D Oxytocin
.
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
Dopamine is the intrinsic chemical that has been associated with a pleasure sensation. When
individuals are engaged in pleasure activities such as swimming, playing, etc., their hypothalamus is
constantly stimulated to release dopamine to enhance the individual’s rewardand pleasure.
The neurotransmitter motivates, compels, and provides energy and drive for individuals to engage
in pleasurable activities. Before the pleasure activity, the brain will predict the levels ofdopamine
required for enough pleasure and then stimulate the hypothalamus to release it. If the predicted amount
of dopamine coincides with the pleasure activities, then the amounts of dopamine remain elevated. If
pleasure exceeds the expected amount, more dopamine is produced, while if less pleasure is
experienced, the dopamine levels drop drastically.
Pleasurable activities that could trigger the release of dopamine include eating good food, creating art,
having good sex, etc (Schaffhausen, 2020).
Reference
FINAL
1 points
1 points
Schaffhausen, J. (2020). The Pleasure Principle: Connections Between Reward And
Learning. Retrieved from Brain Connection:

QUESTION 78
1. Select the comorbid disorder that is more frequent in children with gender dysphoria.
A Down
. syndrome
B Bipolar I
.
C Autism
. spectrum
D ADHD
.
Answer:
D .
Step-by-Step explanation
The comorbid disorder that is most common in children with gender dysphoria is ADHD. Attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health disorder that can lead to levels above normal
of hyperactive and impulsive behaviors, so this could result in some disorders such as dysphoria of
gender.
QUESTION 79
1. Select the age at which sexual identity is self-evident.
A 6 months to 1
. year
B
2 to 3 years
.
C
4 to 5 years
.
D 6 to 8 years
.
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
The correct answer is B. 2 to 3 years.
Between the ages of 18 and 24, most children acquire the ability to recognize and
identify gender categories, such as girl, woman, feminine, boy, man and masculinity. Categorization of
gender happens by 3 years.
References.
FINAL
1 points
1 points
1. Ksiazkiewicz, A., & Friesen, A. (2020). Slimy worms or sticky kids: How caregiving tasks
and gender identity attenuate disgust response. Politics and the Life Sciences, 39(2), 167-186.
2. Moore, A., & Reynolds, P. (2017). Childhood and sexuality: Contemporary issues and debates.
Springer.
QUESTION 80
1. Select two of the “Four A’s” symptoms of schizophrenia described by Bleuler.
A autism
.
B ambivalen
. ce
C
anhedonia
.
D abstract
.
Answer:
A . and B .
Step-by-Step explanation
Bleuler described schizophrenia as having four primary symptoms. Ambivalence, Autism, Reduced
Association (or Disassociation) of Ideas, and Flat Affect, according to him, were the “4A’s” of
schizophrenia.

QUESTION 81
1. Select the brain region that is associated with substance addiction.
A Prefrontal
. cortex
B Caudate
. nucleus
C
Basal ganglia
.
D Ventral
. tegmental
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanationA.
Prefrontal cortex
QUESTION 82
1 points
FINAL
1 points
1. Select the two essential features of sexual dysfunction.
A Failure to achieve orgasm
.
B Nonresponse to sexual
. stimulation
C Pain during sexual activity
.
D Presence of substance
.
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
The answers are A and C
In general, there are four types of sexual dysfunction:
 Desire disorder which is lack of sexual desire or interest in sex.
 Arousal disorders are disorders in which a person is unable to become physically aroused
or excited during sexual activity.
 Orgasm disorders are characterized by a lack of or a delay in orgasm (climax).
 Intercourse pain

QUESTION 83
1. Select the neurotransmitter for which the metabolite 5-HIAA in CSF is evident andpredictive of
suicide.
A Serotonin
.
B Dopamine
.
C Norepinephri
. ne
D GABA
.
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanationA.
Serotonin.
Low levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been linked to suicidal behavior in patients with depression, but
research into the relationship between CSF 5-HIAA and suicidal behavior has been limited.
Reference
FINAL
1 points
1 points
Low levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) have been linked to suicidal behavior in patients with depression, but research into the
relationship between CSF 5-HIAA and suicidal behavior has been limited.
QUESTION 84
1. Select the factor that is most influential in determining gender role development.
A Parentin
. g
B Genetic
. s
C Learnin
. g
D Hormon
. al
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
Gender role development is mostly influenced by parenting . In most cases gender roles are culturally
influenced stereotypes which create expectations for appropriate behavior for malesor females . An
understanding of these roles is evident in children as young age hence parenting plays a pivotal role in
such . Gender roles are influenced by the media, family , environment , society and parenting . The
way the child is brought up or the way of parenting will shape the particular gender for his or her role .
Different parents have different ways of parenting and instructing their siblings of different things
hence as the different gender grow and mature they stick on different roles .
Genetics does not influence gender roles but rather focuses more on the genes of an
individual that does not influence the role . Learning sharpens or increases an individual’s IQ whereas
hormonal regulates most of the body functions , activities or development .
Therefore the most influential factor for gender role is , parenting .
References

QUESTION 85
1. Select the primary defense mechanism that is common in delusional disorder.
A Projection
.
B Repression
.
C Suppression
.
D Rationalizati
FINAL
. on
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
B. Repression
Repression is a defense mechanism which occurs when a threatening idea , emotion or thought enters
the consciousness; This defense mechanism causes threatening material or intrusive thoughts .People
that are suffering from delusions will often show repression as a defense mechanism . One can also
engage in other repressive disorders like projection or displacement.
QUESTION 86
1. Select the epidemiologic characteristic of tardive dyskinesia symptoms.
A Absence during sleep
.
B
Most common in men
.
C
Absence in age less than 50
.
D 5% to 10% of patients require
. hospitalization
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
According to the question, the essential answer is A. This is because tardive dyskinesia
is usually a side effect of various antipsychotic medications and some brain conditions.
This is important as it results in abnormal and involuntary movement of an individuals’
tongue, lips, and jaw. This is ideal as the condition is usually a syndrome of
choreiform. As a result, this results in involuntary movement, which often increases
when an individual is emotionally aroused. This is important as the condition often
decreases as the individual relaxes, thus disappearing when they sleep. As a result,
the ideal answer
is A.
REFERENCE
 Carbon, M., Hsieh, C. H., Kane, J. M., & Correll, C. U. (2017). Tardive dyskinesia prevalence
in the period of second-generation antipsychotic use: a meta-analysis. The Journal of Clinical
Psychiatry, 78(3), 264-278.
 Fernandez, H. H., Factor, S. A., Hauser, R. A., Jimenez-Shahed, J., Ondo, W. G., Jarskog, L.
F., … & Anderson, K. E. (2017). Randomized controlled trial of deutetrabenazine for tardive
dyskinesia: the ARM-TD study. Neurology, 88(21), 2003-2010.
 Prisco, V., Iannaccone, T., & Di Grezia, G. (2017). Use of buspirone in selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced sleep bruxism. European Psychiatry, 41(S1), s855-
s855.
 Solmi, M., Pigato, G., Kane, J. M., & Correll, C. U. (2018). Clinical risk factors for the
development of tardive dyskinesia. Journal of the neurological sciences, 389, 21-27.
1 points
FINAL
1 points
QUESTION 87
1. Select the percentage of remission that results from correct antipsychotic drugtherapy of
schizophrenic patients.
A 1
. 5
B 3
. 0
C 4
. 5
D 7
. 0
Answer:
D
Step-by-Step explanation
Approximately 70% of patients treated with any antipsychotic achieves remission.
Therefore, A, B, and C are wrong.
Reference:
Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Md, R. P. (2014). Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry:
Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry (Eleventh ed.). LWW.
QUESTION 88
1. Select the two normal functions in Asperger’s Disorder that are absent in AutismSpectrum
Disorder.
A Cognitive
. ability
B Precocious
. skills
C Language
. skills
D Social
. interaction
Answer:
A . and C
Step-by-Step explanation
The lack of language deficits and less serious symptoms differentiate Asperger’s Disorder from
classic autism. Asperger’s Disorder affects children only slightly, and they also have excellent
vocabulary and cognitive abilities.
The lack of language deficits and less serious symptoms differentiate Asperger’s Disorder from classic
autism. Asperger’s Disorder affects children only slightly, and they also have excellent vocabulary and
cognitive abilities. A child with Asperger’s Disorder may appear to
1 points
FINAL
1 points
the untrained eye to be a neurotypical child behaving differently.Autistic children are often seen as
aloof and uninterested in others. For Asperger’s Disorder, this is not the case.
Individuals with Asperger’s Disorder also want to blend in and engage with others, but they often don’t
know how. They can be socially inept, oblivious to social conventions, or lacking in empathy. They
can make little eye contact, seem uninterested in a conversation, and struggle to understand gestures or
sarcasm.
Their obsession with a specific topic could be bordering on obsessive. Children with
Asperger’s Disorder enjoy collecting specific types of items, such as rocks or bottle caps. They may
be experts in many areas of expertise, such as baseball statistics or flower Latin names. They may
have excellent rote memory, but they struggle with abstract concepts.
references
Alvo, K., 2021. Asperger’s Syndrome – Autism Society. [online] Autism Society. Available at:

QUESTION 89
1. Select the non-drug therapy in which mastery of anxiety through desensitization iscritical to
successful treatment of sexual dysfunction.
A Mindfulne
. ss
B Analyticall
. y
C Behavior
.
D Group
.
Answer:
C .
Step-by-Step explanation
C. Behavior
– Sexual dysfunctional therapy strategies differ depending on the therapeutic objectives, dysfunction,
and patient characteristics. Since sex therapy is a symptom-oriented approach, the cognitive behavioral
provides a lot of the rationale. Patient factors such as age, sexual identity, ethnic background, and
cultural expectations must be addressed when choosing the most suitable type of sexual dysfunctional
therapy objectives.
Cognitive behavioral approaches had a modest success rate in terms of treatment
effectiveness. Education and knowledge about sexual dysfunction, distraction strategies to divert the
patient’s attention away from pain, communication preparation and cognitive restructuring of negative
thinking are all part of the cognitive behavioral approach.
1 points
QUESTION 90
1. Select the neurotransmitter that inhibits sexual orgasm.
A Serotonin
.
FINAL
1 points
B Norepinephri
. ne
C
Dopamine
.
D Acetylcholine
.
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
The correct answer is A, Serotonin
Serotonin is a hormone which plays an efficient role in stabilizing the feelings, moods,
happiness and well being of an individual. It impacts the body and plays an important role in enabling
the nervous system and the brain cells to pass information to each other. Serotonin is a key inhibitor in
the modulation of the sex desires such as orgasms because it leads to a reduced ability of activation of
the excitatory systems by the sexual cues. Dopamine on the other hand facilitates the sexual activity
and sexual arousal. Acetylcholine is also responsible for arousal during sex. Norepinephrine on the
other hand is also responsible for arousal and activation of moods during sexual activities.
REFERENCES
Krassioukov, A., & Elliott, S. (2017). Neural control and physiology of sexual function: effect ofspinal
cord injury. Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation, 23(1), 1-10.
Yang, Q., Yan, C., Yin, C., & Gong, Z. (2017). Serotonin activated hepatic stellate cells contribute to
sex disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology,
3(3), 484-499.
1 points
QUESTION 91
1. Select two psychiatric disorders that are often misdiagnosed as childhood-onset orearly-onset
schizophrenia.
Answer: C
. and D .
A Autism spectrum
.
B Obsessive-compulsive
. disorder
C
Bipolar II
.
D Bipolar I
.
Step-by-Step explanation
 Bipolar disorder is most often diagnosed in adolescence or adulthood, but signs may occur as
early as childhood.
 Bipolar disorder is episodic in nature, but it usually lasts a lifetime.
FINAL
A Desire for opposite gender
. anatomy
B Birth with atypical anatomy
.
C
Dissatisfaction dysphoria
.
D Chromosome X abnormality
.
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
Rational:-
Intersex is a general term used for a variety of conditions in which a person is born with a reproductive
or sexual anatomy that doesn’t seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male. For example, a
person might be born appearing to be female on the outside, but having mostly male-typical anatomy
on the inside. Or a person may be born with genitals that seem to be in-between the usual male and
female types—for example, a girl may be born with a noticeably large clitoris, or lacking a vaginal
opening, or a boy may be born with a notably small penis, or with a scrotum that is divided so that it
has formed more like labia. Or a person may be born with mosaic genetics, so that some of her cells
have XX chromosomes and some of them have XY.
1 points
QUESTION 93
1. Select the pair of terms that represents the greatest conflict regarding sexualbehavior.
A
gay and lesbian
.
B cultural and
. spiritual
C
medical and legal
.
D political and
. religious
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
gay is involves the individuals who engages in the homosexual activities specifically in men. on the
other hand lesbian involves the sex activities among the female gender. this contradicts the
expectation of the society where its clear that the sex activity should be between the opposite ganders
hence resulting to emerging of the conflict between the
two ganders in terms of the sexual activities.
references
Gay, G. (2018). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, and practice. teachers
QUESTION 92
1. Select the characteristic found in persons with intersex conditions.
FINAL
1 points
1 points
college press.
Wolf, D. G. (2020). The lesbian community. University of California Press.
QUESTION 94
1. Select the most effective form of questioning when taking a sex history.
A Multiple
. choice
B Open-ended
.
C Yes-no
.
D Why
.
Answer:
B .
Step-by-Step explanation
Talking about sexual history may be uncomfortable for some patients. Therefore, it is important to
make sure to put the patient at ease before asking anything. This will also help to gain important
information needed in the history taking. In general, open-ended questions are useful in having a deeper
conversations. This way, the patient will feel that he/she is not limited but has the freedom to express
and share anything he/she would want. Hence, a more detailed information will be elicited.

QUESTION 95
1. Select the two main conditions to initially identify in adult psychiatric emergencies.
A Violence
.
B
Suicide
.
C
Psychosis
.
D Substance
. intoxication
Answer:
B . and D .
Step-by-Step explanation
The psychiatric emergency evaluation is a concise, focused evaluation with the goals of diagnostic
assessment, management of acute symptoms, and disposition to the appropriate level of care. The initial
medical screening requires that the physician or nurse screen
for substance intoxication or suicidal ideation. So, these are the two main conditions to
FINAL
1 points
screen for in adult psychiatric emergencies. Hence, the correct answer is choices (B) suicide and (C)
substance intoxication.
QUESTION 96
1. Select the primary method to assess cognition.
A Serum electrolytes
.
B Thyroid function
.
C Mental status exam
.
D Brief psychiatric rating
. scale
Answer:
C .
Step-by-Step explanation
A serum electrolyte test is a blood test that evaluates the amounts of major electrolytes in the body such
as sodium and chloride. They are useful to regulate the body’s fluid level. Hence option A is incorrect.
A thyroid function is a blood test that evaluates the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH) and thyroxine (T4) in the blood. Hence option B is incorrect.
Cognitive testing assesses the problems with cognition. Cognition is a combination of multiplebrain
processes required in almost every aspect of an individual’s life. There are various typesof cognitive
tests, but the primary one is the mental status exam. It involves a structured method of assessing an
individual’s current mental capacity including speech, memory, perception, general appearance,
language, behavior, judgment, thinking, and attitude. Hence option C is correct.
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale is a tool uses to assess mental signs including anxiety,
depression, and psychoses. It helps to study persons with schizophrenia and related psychotic
disorders. Hence option D is incorrect.
1 points
QUESTION 97
1. Select the neurotransmitter that has least involvement in drug-induced movementdisorders.
A Norepinephrin
. e
B Acetylcholine
.
C Dopamine
FINAL
.
D Serotonin (5-
. HT)
Answer:
D .
Step-by-Step explanation
Serotonin is an hormone which acts by stabilizing individuals feelings and well being moods. the
hormone affects the whole body. from the provided list of neuro transmitters. serotonin is the least
hormone that is involved in the drug induced movement disorders, therefore the right answer for the
question is choice C
reference
Berger, M., Gray, J. A., & Roth, B. L. (2009). The expanded biology of serotonin. Annual review of
medicine, 60, 355-366.
Mohammad‐Zadeh, L. F., Moses, L., & Gwaltney‐Brant, S. M. (2008). Serotonin: a review.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 31(3), 187-199.
1 points
QUESTION 98
1. Select the personality disorder that presents the greatest challenge to diagnose byexperienced
providers.
A Borderlin
. e
B Paranoid
.
C Schizotyp
. al
D Antisocial
.
Answer:
A .
Step-by-Step explanation
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) can be hard to diagnose because the symptoms of this disorder
overlap with many other conditions, such as bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, and even eating
disorders.
As previously mentioned, DSM-5 permits the diagnosis of BPD in patients younger than 18 if
symptoms persist for at least 1 year. Symptoms of BPD usually start prior to adulthood and the
diagnosis can be made reliably.
Personality disorders, including borderline personality disorder, are diagnosed based on a:
1. Detailed interview with your doctor or mental health provider.
2. Psychological evaluation that may include completing questionnaires.3.
Medical history and exam.
4. Discussion of your signs and symptoms.
FINAL
1 points
1 points
QUESTION 101
1. When completing this exam, did you comply with Walden University’s
Code of Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity?
1 points
QUESTION 99
1. Select the two factors that are not applicable to diagnosing schizoaffective disorder.
A Manic
. episodes
B Major
. depression
C Medical
. condition
D Substance
. abuse
QUESTION 100
1. Select the infectious disease that when untreated may lead to an incorrect diagnosisof
depression.
A Syphilis
.
B
Lyme
.
C
Rabies
.
D Meningit
. is
Answer:
C .
Step-by-Step explanation
Rabies is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals.
It may be confused for depression because of some of it’s manifestations such as violent movements,
uncontrolled excitement, fear of water and even confusion
Ye
s
No