Pancytopenia or Aplastic Anemia Essay

Pancytopenia or Aplastic Anemia Essay

Pancytopenia or Aplastic Anemia Essay

Anemia is a disease discovered many years ago and can be described as a decrease in the total number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin, with the amounts varying based on the age group. The ramification of the condition implies that healthcare professionals need to know how the disease develops and the types that exist so the patients can timeously be diagnosed and managed (Young, 2018). Among the many types of anemia is aplastic anemia and associated pancytopenia. It is important to know the development of the types of anemia for the right and time diagnosis and appropriate management.

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Aplastic anemia refers to a rare condition where there is damage to the bone marrow, which makes it stop making new blood cells. The failure to produce enough new blood cells consequently results in the dwindling of all the blood elements (Shallis et al.,2018). Such a dwindling in all three blood elements; platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cell is what is known as pancytopenia. It is worth noting that pancytopenia is not a condition but rather a finding observed in bone marrow disease. Pancytopenia is, therefore, most commonly associated with aplastic anemia hence closely related to it.

Aplastic anemia is characterized by the immune system attacking the bone marrow’s healthy cells, and in most cases, such a phenomenon is triggered by exposure to insecticides, substances such as benzene, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Infections such as Parvovirus and Hepatitis can also lead to the condition. Pancytopenia is also usually observed in conditions like megaloblastic anemia and in cancer conditions such as acute myeloid leukemia (Kirk et al.,2021). In pancytopenia and aplastic anemia, the symptoms appear due to dwindling red blood cell amounts.

References

Kirk, S. E., Young, E., Ray, A., Dzurik, Y., Elghetany, T., & Sasa, G. (2021). Transient Pancytopenia Subsequently Diagnosed With Acute Leukemia: A Report of 4 Cases of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 43(5), e715-e717. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPH.0000000000001922

Shallis, R. M., Ahmad, R., & Zeidan, A. M. (2018). Aplastic anemia: Etiology, molecular pathogenesis, and emerging concepts. European Journal of Haematology, 101(6), 711–720. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejh.13153

Young, N. S. (2018). Aplastic anemia. New England Journal of Medicine, 379(17), 1643–1656. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1413485

what is the difference between pancytopenia and aplastic anemia?