Pharmacology Question 2

Pharmacology Question 2

 

Pharmacology Question 2

Polio is a disabling and life-threatening condition. The polio vaccine was licensed in 1955 and has been used widely since 196. The attenuated form of the poliovirus replicates in the intestinalmucosa after they are orally administered (Bandyopadhyay et al., 2021). The vaccine viruses are excreted through stool up to six weeks after the dosage and so may spread to other peoplein case of contact. The polio vaccine is administered at the age of 2, 6, and 18 months, 4 years, and 6 years. The dosage should be spread between 2months for the initial three doses. The interval between doses 3 and 4 is 6 months. Reducing the internals between the dosages or starting the dose administration at a younger age may result in lower seroconversion rates (Elebesunu & Ubani, 2021).

The possible side effects of the poliovirus vaccine include low fever, nausea, joint pain, and drowsiness (Modlin et al., 2021).Some people may develop malaise due to the immune response to the vaccine. There are cases where the recipients may need treatment while others may have their conditions resolving on their own. The patients should be monitored for symptoms of fever and possible intense allergic reactions. The drug interacts with medications that weaken immune response such as tacrolimus, corticosteroids, and cancer therapies.

Some cultural practices discourage the vaccination and thus may evade or fail to have all the vaccine dosage as per the schedule. Furthermore, the poliovirus vaccine is administered orally and this means that poor dietary intake practices may obscure the absorption and lower the therapeutic efficacy. Finally, genes affect the body’s immune response. Immunodeficiency in childhood may be due to inheritable disorders. In such cases, children are likely to develop a series of complications because and the devastating outcomes of the poliovirus infection.

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References

Bandyopadhyay, A. S., Gast, C., Rivera, L., Sáez-Llorens, X., Oberste, M. S., Weldon, W. C., Modlin, J., Clemens, R., Costa Clemens, S. A., Jimeno, J., & Rüttimann, R. (2021). Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated poliovirus vaccine schedules for the post-eradication era: A randomised open-label, multicentre, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21(4), 559-568. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30555-7

Elebesunu, E. E., & Ubani, C. N. (2021). Attaining the balance between wild Poliovirus eradication and vaccine-derived Poliovirus control. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, 7(11). https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510237

Modlin, J. F., Bandyopadhyay, A. S., & Sutter, R. (2021). Immunization against poliomyelitis and the challenges to worldwide poliomyelitis eradication. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 224(Supplement_4), S398-S404. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa622

Select a specific vaccination and explain the indications and contraindications. Provide the schedule of when this vaccine should be administered. Provide hints for monitoring, side effects, and drug interactions, including interactions with CAM. Discuss ethnic, cultural, and genetic considerations that must be considered for treatment. Include the name of the vaccine in the subject line so that it can be followed.