The Clinical Presentations and Symptoms of Menopause Paper

The Clinical Presentations and Symptoms of Menopause Paper

The Clinical Presentations and Symptoms of Menopause Paper

Menopause is a natural developmental process that indicates the end of a woman’s menstrual cycles and comprises a natural decline in reproductive hormones. Studies show that menopause occurs when 12 successive months have passed since the last menstrual period (Xu et al., 2020). Research indicates menopause is neither a disease nor a disorder but a natural developmental process. It is a transitional phase in a woman’s life coupled with many biological and natural changes occasioned by their body’s incapability to produce or associated with a decline in the production of estrogen and progesterone hormones (Xu et al., 2020).

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The many changes women undergo during perimenopause are a result of decreasing estrogen. Similarly, studies show that menopause results from loss of ovarian sensitivity to gonadotropin stimulation, directly related to follicular attrition. The clinical presentation includes mild depression, pain, vaginal dryness, and decreased libido due to mood swings or irritability. Similarly, the symptoms include hot flashes, irregular periods, breast soreness, dry skin, dry eyes or dry mouth, and vasomotor symptoms, for which women seek treatment during menopause (Maki et al., 2019). Vasomotor is a form of temperature dysfunction that presents due to changes in gonadal hormone.

Menopause can be clinically diagnosed through a blood test to check follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen levels. In addition, a thyroid function test can be carried out; further, a lipid profile tests for liver and kidney function may carry out to determine menopause (Santoro & Johnson, 2019). Menopause is a natural biological process that shows the end of a woman’s menstrual cycles and comprises a natural decrease in reproductive hormones. The decline in the estrogen and progesterone female hormones triggers systemic changes that clinically affect the patient. The clinical presentation and symptoms can be diagnosed and clinically managed.

References

Maki, P. M., Kornstein, S. G., Joffe, H., Bromberger, J. T., Freeman, E. W., Athappilly, G., … & Board of Trustees for The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) and the Women and Mood Disorders Task Force of the National Network of Depression Centers. (2019). Guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of perimenopausal depression: summary and recommendations. Journal of women’s health, 28(2), 117-134. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2018.27099.mensocrec

Santoro, N., & Johnson, J. (2019). Diagnosing the onset of menopause. Jama, 322(8), 775-776.

https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.6250

Xu, X., Jones, M., & Mishra, G. D. (2020). Age at natural menopause and development of chronic conditions and multimorbidity: results from an Australian prospective cohort. Human Reproduction, 35(1), 203-211. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez259

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Discuss the clinical presentation and symptoms associated with menopause