What are some specific infection control programs/efforts/protocols and associated outcome data related to the prevention of MRSA transmission?

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a dangerous organism that commonly causes nosocomial outbreaks within healthcare facilities across the world. The pathogen is highly infectious and can be transmitted directly through contact with infected persons or indirectly from contaminated surfaces and shared medical appliances (Kavanagh et al., 2019). It is associated with high morbidity and mortality with marked disease burden and resultant economic spending. There is thus the need for nonspecific and targeted specific control protocols to mitigate its spread. Like any other infectious disease, adherence to recommended infection prevention and control guidelines leads to significantly reduced infection rates. The integrity of control programs and efforts is paramount in combating the transmission of this pathogen.

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Various infection control protocols have been implemented to prevent the transmission of MRSA. These include hand hygiene practices, universal daily chlorhexidine bathing especially for high-risk patients like those in the intensive care unit, antibiotic stewardship, community-level control of MRSA through decolonization of reservoirs, and surveillance and screening of patients on admission for possible carriers (Kavanagh et al., 2019). Any MRSA carriers discovered on screening should subsequently undergo isolation and decolonization to prevent transmission of the pathogen to uninfected individuals. Reduction of provider-to-patient ratio, adequate medical personnel training, use of personal protective equipment, and total closure of the wards are the other effective transmission prevention protocols (Pannewick et al., 2021). Strategies to ensure compliance with these guidelines, especially for high-risk patient populations such as those with wounds and burns are crucial.

The implementation of the aforementioned infection prevention control efforts has resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of MRSA-associated nosocomial outbreaks. This reduction is variable across different states. This may be attributed to different levels of adherence to the recommended guidelines (Pannewick et al., 2021). This calls for policies to ensure full implementation to further reduce infection rates by MRSA. The policies should be cost-effective and applicable across all healthcare facilities.