NR 503 Week 3 What is the fundamental difference between the method you have chosen (either the case-control or cohort method) and the randomized controlled trial?

NR 503 Week 3 What is the fundamental difference between the method you have chosen (either the case-control or cohort method) and the randomized controlled trial?

NR 503 Week 3 What is the fundamental difference between the method you have chosen (either the case-control or cohort method) and the randomized controlled trial?

This week we are comparing and contrasting epidemiological methods of research; case-control and cohort study methods. Select either the case-control or cohort study method and compare its features, the methodology, to a randomized controlled trial using the following questions. Please format, organize, your responses using each question below:

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What is the fundamental difference between the method you have chosen (either the case-control or cohort method) and the randomized controlled trial?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the study method you chose (case-control or cohort study)?
What are the characteristics of a correlational study?
Where does the method you chose (case-control or cohort study) fall on the research pyramid? What does where it is on the research pyramid mean?

NR 503 Week 3 What is the fundamental difference between the method you have chosen (either the case-control or cohort method) and the randomized controlled trial?

1. What is the fundamental difference between the method you have chosen (either the case-control or cohort method) and the randomized controlled trial?

Research methods differ on various grounds, and this essay analyzes the differences between case-control and randomized control trials. Case-control studies are retrospective studies that aim to understand causal relationships, while randomized studies seek to understand causal-effect relationships through experimental designs (Tenny et al., 2022). Case-control studies are observational studies that require no intervention, unlike randomized control trials, which are experimental studies (Baird et al., 2020). Case studies observe differences of interest in groups, such as effects of certain diseases and variation among groups, while in randomized control trials, the researchers study the effects of an intervention they implement

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2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the study method you chose (case-control or cohort study)?

 Case-control studies are less expensive than other study methods because there are few interventions, it being an observational study. It is easy to implement and is less cumbersome. The method is also suitable for diseases with longer incubations due to its inexpensiveness. The study method allows researchers to study rare diseases or diseases with varying transmission rates (Tenny et al., 2022). It can also study more than one factor in populations, which can be cumbersome when tried with other methods. Case-control trials also have disadvantages. They include the inability to study multiple diseases. Researchers using the method cannot incorporate calculations such as relative costs and incidence rates. Tenny et al. (2022) note that control studies are prone to selection exposure and reverse causality biases because participants are selected using arbitrary methods that limit the researcher from getting an accurately representative sample (Melamed $ Robinson, 2019). Case-control studies are excellent study methods, but their limitations affect results and reliability.

3. What are the characteristics of a correlational study?

Correlational studies are non-experimental, meaning they do not require scientific methodologies or interventions to produce results or develop hypotheses. Examples of these studies include case-control and cohort studies. They are backward-looking and study the past relationship between variables to derive conclusions (Dawane et al., 2020). They are thus helpful in studying past events and predicting future matters based on past outcomes. They are dynamic, and the outcomes of these studies vary with time because of the changes in the relationship between values over time (Dawane et al., 2020). Variables are constantly changing and so are their relationships, affecting the outcomes of correlation studies. This characteristic affects their reliability and usability with time.

4. Where do Case Controls Studies fall on the research pyramid? What does where it is on the research pyramid mean?

Case-control studies lie at the bottom of the pyramid, being observational studies. They are second after cohort studies, right before case reports at the bottom of the pyramid. Observational studies occupy the bottom of the pyramid, while experimental designs and analysis of experimental designs are at the top. The position means that case studies provide more robust evidence than case reports but are weaker than other research studies, such as cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (Wei et al., 2020). Case studies observe population factors to discover discrepancies and report without interfering. Their research methods limit researchers from using scientific methodologies to study relationships (Guidry et al., 2019). In addition, they are prone to severe biases that reduce the strength of their evidence. They are also low in the hierarchy of evidence because they provide weak correlations. Case studies can test correlation, but their evidence is not strong. Thus, they majorly pave the way for other studies, such as randomized controlled trials, that provide more robust evidence.

 References

Baird, S., Hicks, J. H., & Ozier, O. (2020). Randomized control trial as social observatory: A case study. World Development, 127, 104787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104787

Dawane, J. K., Jahagirdar, J. E., & Shedge, P. J. (2020). Correlation studies and path coefficient analysis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9(10), 1266-1272. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.152

Guidry, C. A., Peetz, A. B., & Patel, M. B. (2019). Addressing limitations in case-control study of patients undergoing resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta. JAMA surgery, 154(12), 1165-1166. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2019.2738

Tenny, S., Kerndt, C. C., & Hoffman, M. R. (2017). Case control studies.

Wei, Y. G., Cai, D. B., Liu, J., Liu, R. X., Wang, S. B., Tang, Y. Q., Zheng, W., & Wang, F. (2020). Cholesterol and triglyceride levels in first-episode patients with major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of case-control studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 266, 465-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.114