NURS FPX 4020 Assessment: Improvement Plan Tool Kit 

Improvement Plan Tool Kit

Medication errors are a primary patient safety problem in the care home facility where a root-cause analysis was conducted. They result in undesirable health outcomes like adverse drug reactions (ADEs), drug-drug interactions, and allergic reactions, which lead to prolonged patient stays. My proposed safety improvement plan to minimize medication errors in the care home is implementing computerized medication reconciliation. The purpose of this paper is to develop an improvement plan tool kit for the proposed safety improvement plan.

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NURS FPX 4020 Assessment: Improvement Plan Tool Kit Sample approach

Bishop, M. A., Cohen, B. A., Billings, L. K., & Thomas, E. V. (2015). Reducing errors through discharge medication reconciliation by pharmacy services. American journal of health-system pharmacy: AJHP: official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 72(17 Suppl 2), S120–S126. https://doi.org/10.2146/sp150021

            The article asserts that ADEs are a major cause of admissions to hospitals. Discrepancies in admission and discharge medications markedly contribute to these ADEs. Patients risk having medication discrepancies any time there is a transition of care, and they occur mostly during discharge. Besides, the article explains that prevention of medical errors through medication reconciliation with a pharmacist review can help reduce medication discrepancy-related errors. The study examined whether incorporating pharmacist review in the medication reconciliation process at discharge detects and corrects discrepancies. Study findings revealed that approximately 2 out of 5 patients have medication discrepancies during discharge that can be detected and corrected through pharmacist intervention. Thus, the inclusion of pharmacists in medication reconciliation can enhance the process by correcting discrepancies to help prevent ADEs.

The article is valuable to efforts to reduce medication errors since it establishes that hospitals can achieve the largest benefit for the lowest investment of resources through a consult-based service by pharmacists who will identify patients at high risk of medication discrepancies. Pharmacists can identify the discrepancies through manual identification of discharging physicians or automatic detection through the EMR system. Besides, some patient populations would benefit from a more comprehensive pharmacist review, like transplant recipients and patients with heart failure and post-myocardial infarction.

Tamblyn, R., Abrahamowicz, M., Buckeridge, D. L., Bustillo, M., Forster, A. J., Girard, N., … &Winslade, N. (2019). Effect of an electronic medication reconciliation intervention on adverse drug events: a cluster randomized trial. JAMA network open, 2(9), e1910756-e1910756. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10756

            The study examined if an electronic medication reconciliation tool reduced the incidence of ADEs, medication discrepancies, and other adverse outcomes 30 days after discharge. The article explains that unintentional errors in medications during transitions in care, especially during admission, transfer, or discharge from the hospital, are believed to cause ADEs. Medication reconciliation has been introduced to recognize and address discrepancies in a patient’s medication list during transitions to alleviate the problem. This has rapidly become an expected standard of practice.

The study findings established that electronic medication reconciliation decreased medication discrepancies but did not reduce ADEs and other adverse outcomes. Hospital accreditation should focus on interventions that reduce the risk of adverse events for patients with multiple changes to community medications. The study gives insights into approaches to reduce medication errors by demonstrating that electronically enabled medication reconciliation can contribute to a substantial reduction in unintentional discrepancies. It points out that the highest risk of ADEs occurs when initiating or changing medication. Thus, physicians and pharmacists should evaluate new medications for potential ADEs.

Manias, E., Kusljic, S., & Wu, A. (2020). Interventions to reduce medication errors in adult medical and surgical settings: a systematic review. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098620968309

            The study compared the effectiveness of various approaches in alleviating medication errors related to prescribing, dispensing, and administration in acute medical and surgical settings. It found that medication prescribing errors were decreased by single interventions such as pharmacist-led medication reconciliation, pharmacist partnership, computerized medication reconciliation, medication reconciliation by trained mentors, prescriber education, and computerized physician order entry (CPOE). CPOE and automated drug distribution systems helped to reduce medication administration errors. In addition, combined interventions comprising CPOE, interdisciplinary collaboration, and prescriber education were established to minimize prescribing and administration medication errors effectively.

                        The study is significant to interventions in improving quality with medication administration by describing single and combined interventions that can be employed. Besides, the article demonstrates that integrating technology into the medication reconciliation process can further optimize it. Thus, with more healthcare organizations adopting computerized systems, adding features to the system, such as CPOE and computerized medication reconciliation, can help reduce prescribing and administration errors. Furthermore, it proposes interdisciplinary approaches by including physicians, pharmacists, and nurses, which are effective in reducing prescribing errors.

Al Anazi, A. (2021). Medication reconciliation process: Assessing value, adoption, and the potential of information technology from pharmacists’ perspective. Health Informatics Journal, 27(1), 1460458220987276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458220987276

            The study included a survey to address elements related to the Medication reconciliation process (MedRec), its challenges, the role of information technology, and the needed functionalities to optimize the process. It explains that MedRec is developed to create an accurate drug list by documenting a patient’s current and required medication, comparing the drug list to the medications in the patient’s records, revising orders, and counseling patients on their complete drug list. Patients who go through the MedRec process had a 67% decrease in the risk for hospital revisit secondary to adverse events compared with those who did not undergo MedRec. The article validates the value of MedRec since most pharmacists acknowledge its role in decreasing medication errors and improving patient safety. Furthermore, MedRec has the potential to recognize medication discrepancies and minimize ADEs.

                        The article gives valuable information by demonstrating that medication reconciliation is vital in promoting patient safety by decreasing medication discrepancies. It also enlightens us that a well-designed MedRec process guided by developments in information technology can improve the quality, efficiency, and safety of medication processes. The article recommends a policy-oriented approach that involves adopting a highly interoperable EHR and developing a compiled medication list for newly admitted patients as an essential patient safety strategy. Besides, the study proposes creating a policy that obligates sharing data needed to develop a compiled medication list for every patient to reduce medication discrepancies.

Elbeddini, A., Almasalkhi, S., Prabaharan, T., Tran, C., Gazarin, M., & Elshahawi, A. (2021). Avoiding a Med-Wreck: a structured medication reconciliation framework and standardized auditing tool utilized to optimize patient safety and reallocate hospital resources. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 14(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-021-00296-w

            The study focuses on developing standardized medication reconciliation (MedRec) framework that can be applied in all healthcare settings to minimize patient and staff harm. It also aimed at developing a standardized auditing tool to assess the quality of the MedRec process and foster continuous quality improvement. A quality MedRec process is a vital intervention to minimize adverse drug events in the hospital and community. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is vital to prevent medication errors to avoid patient readmission, minimize disease complications, and reduce medical costs and patient burden on the healthcare system. About 50% of hospital medication errors transpire during transitions of care, and approximately 30% of these errors can cause patient harm. The article asserts that errors occur at various stages, like when obtaining a patient’s medication history, documenting the medications in the medical record, and prescribing medications on admission, ward transfer, and discharge.

                        The study is significant in efforts to reduce medication errors. It demonstrates that a standardized MedRec process has great potential to optimize vital transitions in the healthcare system by enhancing the continuity of care when patients transition home. A similar framework can be developed and implemented in healthcare settings since it has key components that make workflow more time-efficient, decrease medication errors, and improve the quality of the medication reconciliation process. All these benefits can improve patient safety by reducing medication errors and readmissions. The study recommends incorporating patient education and involvement when making medication changes, interprofessional collaboration, and a pharmacy-led and trained medication reconciliation team for a more successful process.

Koprivnik, S., Albiñana-Pérez, M. S., López-Sandomingo, L., Taboada-López, R. J., & Rodríguez-Penín, I. (2020). Improving patient safety through a pharmacist-led medication reconciliation programme in nursing homes for the elderly in Spain. International journal of clinical pharmacy, 42(2), 805–812. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-00968-8

            The study aimed to quantify and classify medication reconciliation errors identified by a pharmacist during transitions of care between nursing homes and the health system. The most common detected errors were inaccurate dosing, prescribing a new medication, and medication omissions, with high-risk medication involved in 40% of the cases. The study found a positive correlation between polypharmacy and the frequency of reconciliation errors. The article identifies that residents in nursing homes are exposed to potential harm due to medication reconciliation errors during transitions of care. Furthermore, the article recommends that the medication reconciliation process should be a shared responsibility of healthcare providers in collaboration with patients and families. It requires a team approach comprising pharmacists, nurses, physicians, and other healthcare professionals.

The article offers valuable insight by pointing out that incorporating pharmacists as part of the nursing home team can improve patient safety by implementing improvement initiatives like medication reconciliation. It also explains that patients should be involved in the medication reconciliation process, and the reconciliation team should update the medication lists along with EHR to improve the process. It recommends that specialist outpatient clinic visits be addressed in the medication reconciliation programs.

Ceschi, A., Noseda, R., Pironi, M., Lazzeri, N., Eberhardt-Gianella, O., Imelli, S., … & Ferrari, P. (2021). Effect of medication reconciliation at hospital admission on 30-day returns to hospital: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 4(9), e2124672-e2124672.https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24672

            The study evaluated the impact of medication reconciliation at hospital admission on patient-centered healthcare outcomes. The article explains that unintentional medication discrepancies like omissions, dosing errors, and duplications can transpire across transitions of care. If the discrepancies are not identified and addressed, they can place the patient at risk of drug-related harm, thus negatively affecting the quality and safety of patient care. The study found that medication reconciliation improved patient-centered healthcare outcomes among patient populations at increased risk of medication discrepancies, particularly those on polypharmacy. Despite a patient’s age, as the number of medications increases, so does the rate of medication discrepancies. The article enlightens us that performing medication reconciliation is crucial in patients at risk of medication discrepancies, such as those on multiple medications.

Alanazi, A. S., Awwad, S., Khan, T. M., Asdaq, S. M. B., Mohzari, Y., Alanazi, F., … & AlMotairi, M. (2022). Medication reconciliation on discharge in a tertiary care Riyadh Hospital: An observational study. Plos one, 17(3), e0265042. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265042

            The study examined the frequency and characteristics of discharge medication discrepancies detected by pharmacists during discharge medication reconciliation. It also sought to identify the factors that influence the incidence of drug discrepancies during medication reconciliation. The medication reconciliation process was conducted in the emergency room (ER) during admission. This leads to a reduction in the incidence of medication discrepancy than facilities that do not conduct medication reconciliation at admission, during the transition of care, and discharge. Omission was identified as the most common type of medication discrepancy. In addition, polypharmacy was associated with more drug discrepancies in the number of drugs taken by patients relating to the number of discrepancies. The article enlightens readers that the drug reconciliation process effectively reduces unintended medication discrepancies and medication errors in hospitalized patients. Furthermore, the article recommends using a standardized drug questionnaire and establishing a telecommunication system to monitor patients’ medications with the assistance of a pharmacist, which can help to monitor medication use.

Kreckman, J., Wasey, W., Wise, S., Stevens, T., Millburg, L., & Jaeger, C. (2018). Improving medication reconciliation at hospital admission, discharge and ambulatory care through a transition of care team. BMJ open quality, 7(2), e000281. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2017-000281

            The article explains that medication reconciliation is vital in the care of hospitalized patients and their safe transition to the ambulatory setting. It asserts that team-based care using various providers usually results in no clear ownership of the medication reconciliation process. It also noted that most facilities depend on pharmacists to conduct medication reconciliation, which takes significant time. The study established that establishing a Transition of Care Team composed of registered nurses restructures medication reconciliation as a continuous process that occurs throughout patient hospitalization, discharge, and follow-up. The article gives important insights that can guide the medication reconciliation process by establishing that employing a transition care team can improve the accuracy of medication reconciliation, care of hospitalized patients, and lead to a safer transition to the ambulatory setting.    

Sholihat, N. K., Hanifah, A., Puspaningtyas, M. D., Maharani, L., & Utami, E. D. (2018). Medication reconciliation as a tool to reduce medication discrepancy. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 8(5), 115-118. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2018.8515

            This study examined the discrepancies in patients receiving and not receiving medication reconciliation and assessed the effectiveness of the medication reconciliation process. The study established that the effectiveness of the medication reconciliation process was significant after comparing the occurrences of discrepancies before and after reconciliation. This shows that the reconciliation process effectively reduces discrepancies, and pharmacist plays a major role in preventing medication errors. Furthermore, the article recommends that patients at high risk of medication errors, like those with four or more medication prescriptions and patients with high-alert medication or unclear history, should be prioritized in the reconciliation process.

                        The article is an eye-opener concerning preventing medication errors as it offers valuable insights that medication discrepancy can decrease through medication reconciliation at all care transition points. Medication reconciliation should be collaborative among health professionals involving pharmacists, physicians, and nurses. In light of this, nurses can take part in identifying discrepancies, contributing to a reduction of almost all medication errors. Besides, physicians can play a crucial role by responding to identified discrepancies by reviewing patients’ drug regimens and increasing monitoring. Furthermore, the article recommends redesigning the reconciliation process into a computerized or information technology-based medication reconciliation. This is because the computerized system has been established to reduce unintentional medication discrepancies that can potentially cause patient harm.

Uhlenhopp, D. J., Aguilar, O., Dai, D., Ghosh, A., Shaw, M., & Mitra, C. (2020). Hospital-Wide Medication Reconciliation Program: Error Identification, Cost-Effectiveness, and Detecting High-Risk Individuals on Admission. Integrated pharmacy research & practice, 9, 195–203. https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S269857

            The study’s objectives were to assess the impact a hospital-wide Medication reconciliation (MR) program has on the identification of home medication errors during hospital admission and identify risk factors that place patients at a greater risk for medication discrepancies. The article explains that medication discrepancies are common in tertiary centers. Unintentional medication errors on admission range from 30% to 70%, with omission of a medication being the most common error. It is established that these medication errors can result in significant patient discomfort or clinical deterioration. Factors that increase the risk for medication discrepancies include age, use of high-alert medications, availability of advanced sources for use by providers, history of previous admission, and patient-provided medication lists.

                        The study is valuable in reducing medication errors since it insists on the importance of conducting medication reconciliation and its cost-effectiveness. Besides, it informs healthcare professionals that high-alert medication use increases the chances of medication discrepancies. Thus, comprehensive medication reconciliation should be carried out for patients on high-alert medication. Furthermore, the article shows that it is essential for patients to bring in their medication list or all their medications at admission since it increases the chances of detecting discrepancies. Therefore, providers can involve patients in the medication reconciliation process by requesting them to bring a list of their medications during admission.

Dabrowski, P. M., & Lawrie, K. (2021). Twelve-week project to improve medication reconciliation at hospitals in Wellington, New Zealand. BMJ Open Quality, 10(2), e000787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000787

            The article explains that inaccurate drug prescribing during hospital admission exposes patients to considerable risk during admission and discharge. It identifies one of the root causes as the general lack of awareness of existing processes and communication differences between physicians and pharmacists. The articles describe a 12-week QI project entailing three interventions to improve the completed medication reconciliation rate. The interventions were the education of doctors, standardization of pharmacist practice, and a redesigned paper notification system. The findings revealed an improvement in the rate of completed medication reconciliations and pharmacist uptake of text messaging.

                        The study applies to efforts to improve patient safety by establishing that provider education, standardization of practice, and improved notification systems can enhance the quality of medication reconciliations. Regular provider education sessions would be needed but the other strategies are simple and cheap to implement. The article enlightens us that increased provider understanding of medication reconciliation promotes accurate prescribing. Thus, organizations can implement provider education sessions on medication reconciliation to increase the practice and reduce medication errors.

Conclusion

The above articles examined the impact of medication reconciliation in improving the accuracy of prescriptions, reducing medication discrepancies, and decreasing ADEs. The studies support my proposed improvement plan on medication reconciliation since they establish that medication reconciliation helps detect prescription errors and improve patient safety through accurate prescribing. Insights on using an interdisciplinary approach and health technology will be incorporated into the implementation plan.

References

Al Anazi, A. (2021). Medication reconciliation process: Assessing value, adoption, and the potential of information technology from pharmacists’ perspective. Health Informatics Journal, 27(1), 1460458220987276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458220987276

Alanazi, A. S., Awwad, S., Khan, T. M., Asdaq, S. M. B., Mohzari, Y., Alanazi, F., … & AlMotairi, M. (2022). Medication reconciliation on discharge in a tertiary care Riyadh Hospital: An observational study. Plos one, 17(3), e0265042. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265042

Bishop, M. A., Cohen, B. A., Billings, L. K., & Thomas, E. V. (2015). Reducing errors through discharge medication reconciliation by pharmacy services. American journal of health-system pharmacy: AJHP: official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 72(17 Suppl 2), S120–S126. https://doi.org/10.2146/sp150021

Ceschi, A., Noseda, R., Pironi, M., Lazzeri, N., Eberhardt-Gianella, O., Imelli, S., … & Ferrari, P. (2021). Effect of medication reconciliation at hospital admission on 30-day returns to hospital: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 4(9), e2124672-e2124672.https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24672

Dabrowski, P. M., & Lawrie, K. (2021). Twelve-week project to improve medication reconciliation at hospitals in Wellington, New Zealand. BMJ Open Quality, 10(2), e000787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000787

Elbeddini, A., Almasalkhi, S., Prabaharan, T., Tran, C., Gazarin, M., & Elshahawi, A. (2021). Avoiding a Med-Wreck: a structured medication reconciliation framework and standardized auditing tool utilized to optimize patient safety and reallocate hospital resources. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 14(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-021-00296-w

Koprivnik, S., Albiñana-Pérez, M. S., López-Sandomingo, L., Taboada-López, R. J., & Rodríguez-Penín, I. (2020). Improving patient safety through a pharmacist-led medication reconciliation programme in nursing homes for the elderly in Spain. International journal of clinical pharmacy, 42(2), 805–812. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-00968-8

Kreckman, J., Wasey, W., Wise, S., Stevens, T., Millburg, L., & Jaeger, C. (2018). Improving medication reconciliation at hospital admission, discharge and ambulatory care through a transition of care team. BMJ open quality, 7(2), e000281. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2017-000281

Manias, E., Kusljic, S., & Wu, A. (2020). Interventions to reduce medication errors in adult medical and surgical settings: a systematic review. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098620968309

Sholihat, N. K., Hanifah, A., Puspaningtyas, M. D., Maharani, L., & Utami, E. D. (2018). Medication reconciliation as a tool to reduce medication discrepancy. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 8(5), 115-118. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2018.8515

Tamblyn, R., Abrahamowicz, M., Buckeridge, D. L., Bustillo, M., Forster, A. J., Girard, N., … &Winslade, N. (2019). Effect of an electronic medication reconciliation intervention on adverse drug events: a cluster randomized trial. JAMA network open, 2(9), e1910756-e1910756. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10756

Uhlenhopp, D. J., Aguilar, O., Dai, D., Ghosh, A., Shaw, M., & Mitra, C. (2020). Hospital-Wide Medication Reconciliation Program: Error Identification, Cost-Effectiveness, and Detecting High-Risk Individuals on Admission. Integrated pharmacy research & practice, 9, 195–203. https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S269857

BUY A CUSTOM- PAPER HERE ON; NURS FPX 4020 Improvement Plan Tool Kit Essay

For this assessment, you will develop a Word document or an online resource repository of at least 12 annotated professional or scholarly resources that you consider critical for the audience of your safety improvement plan, pertaining to medication administration, to understand or implement to ensure the success of the plan.

Communication in the health care environment consists of an information-sharing experience whether through oral or written messages (Chard & Makary, 2015). As health care organizations and nurses strive to create a culture of safety and quality care, the importance of interprofessional collaboration, the development of tool kits, and the use of wikis become more relevant and vital. In addition to the dissemination of information and evidence-based findings and the development of tool kits, continuous support for and availability of such resources are critical. Among the most popular methods to promote ongoing dialogue and information sharing are blogs, wikis, websites, and social media. Nurses know how to support people in time of need or crisis and how to support one another in the workplace; wikis in particular enable nurses to continue that support beyond the work environment. Here they can be free to share their unique perspectives, educate others, and promote health care wellness at local and global levels (Kaminski, 2016).

You are encouraged to complete the Determining the Relevance and Usefulness of Resources activity prior to developing the repository. This activity will help you determine which resources or research will be most relevant to address a particular need. This may be useful as you consider how to explain the purpose and relevance of the resources you are assembling for your tool kit. The activity is for your own practice and self-assessment, and demonstrates course engagement.

Demonstration of Proficiency
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

Competency 1: Analyze the elements of a successful quality improvement initiative.
Analyze usefulness of resources for role group responsible for implementing quality and safety improvements with medication administration.
Competency 2: Analyze factors that lead to patient safety risks.
Analyze the value of resources to reduce patient safety risk or improve quality with medication administration.
Competency 3: Identify organizational interventions to promote patient safety.
Identify necessary resources to support the implementation and sustainability of a safety improvement initiative focusing on medication administration.
Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly, evidence-based strategies to communicate in a manner that supports safe and effective patient care.
Present reasons and relevant situations for resource tool kit to be used by its target audience.
Communicate resource tool kit in a clear, logically structured, and professional manner that applies current APA style and formatting.
References
Chard, R., & Makary, M. A. (2015). Transfer-of-care communication: Nursing best practices. AORN Journal, 102(4), 329–342.

Kaminski, J. (2016). Why all nurses can/should be authors. Canadian Journal of Nursing Informatics, 11(4), 1–7.

Professional Context
Nurses are often asked to implement processes, concepts, or practices—sometimes with little preparatory communication or education. One way to encourage sustainability of quality and process improvements is to assemble an accessible, user-friendly tool kit for knowledge and process documentation. Creating a resource repository or tool kit is also an excellent way to follow up an educational or in-service session, as it can help to reinforce attendees’ new knowledge as well as the understanding of its value. By practicing creating a simple online tool kit, you can develop valuable technology skills to improve your competence and efficacy. This technology is easy to use, and resources are available to guide you.

Scenario
For this assessment, consider taking one of these two approaches:

Build on the work done in your first three assessments and create an online tool kit or resource repository that will help the audience of your in-service understand the research behind your safety improvement plan pertaining to medication administration and put the plan into action.
Locate a safety improvement plan (your current organization, the Institution for Healthcare Improvement, or a publicly available safety improvement initiative) pertaining to medication administration and create an online tool kit or resource repository that will help an audience understand the research behind the safety improvement plan and how to put the plan into action.
Preparation
Google Sites is recommended for this assessment; the tools are free to use and should offer you a blend of flexibility and simplicity as you create your online tool kit. Please note that this requires a Google account; use your Gmail or GoogleDocs login, or create an account following the directions under the “Create Account” menu.

Refer to the following links to help you get started with Google Sites:

G Suite Learning Center. (n.d.). Get started with Sites. https://gsuite.google.com/learning-center/products/sites/get-started/#!/
Google. (n.d.). Sites. https://sites.google.com
Google. (n.d.). Sites help. https://support.google.com/sites/?hl=en#topic=
Instructions
Using Google Sites, assemble an online resource tool kit containing at least 12 annotated resources that you consider critical to the success of your safety improvement initiative. These resources should enable nurses and others to implement and maintain the safety improvement you have developed.

It is recommended that you focus on the 3 or 4 most critical categories or themes with respect to your safety improvement initiative pertaining to medication administration. For example, for an initiative that concerns improving workplace safety for practitioners, you might choose broad themes such as general organizational safety and quality best practices; environmental safety and quality risks; individual strategies to improve personal and team safety; and process best practices for reporting and improving environmental safety issues.

Following the recommended scheme, you would collect 3 resources on average for each of the 4 categories focusing on safety with medication administration. Each resource listing should include the following:

An APA-formatted citation of the resource with a working link.
A description of the information, skills, or tools provided by the resource.
A brief explanation of how the resource can help nurses better understand or implement the safety improvement initiative pertaining to medication administration.
A description of how nurses can use this resource and when its use may be appropriate.
Remember that you must make your site ‘public’ so that your faculty can access it. Check out the Google Sites resources for more information.

Here is an example entry:

Merret, A., Thomas, P., Stephens, A., Moghabghab, R., & Gruneir, M. (2011). A collaborative approach to fall prevention. Canadian Nurse, 107(8), 24–29.
This article presents the Geriatric Emergency Management-Falls Intervention Team (GEM-FIT) project. It shows how a collaborative nurse lead project can be implemented and used to improve collaboration and interdisciplinary teamwork, as well as improve the delivery of health care services. This resource is likely more useful to nurses as a resource for strategies and models for assembling and participating in an interdisciplinary team than for specific fall-prevention strategies. It is suggested that this resource be reviewed prior to creating an interdisciplinary team for a collaborative project in a health care setting.
Additionally, be sure that your plan addresses the following, which corresponds to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. Please study the scoring guide carefully so you understand what is needed for a distinguished score.

Identify necessary resources to support the implementation and continued sustainability of a safety improvement initiative pertaining to medication administration.
Analyze the usefulness of resources to the role group responsible for implementing quality and safety improvements focusing on medication administration.
Analyze the value of resources to reduce patient safety risk related to medication administration.
Present reasons and relevant situations for use of resource tool kit by its target audience.
Communicate in a clear, logically structured, and professional manner that applies current APA style and formatting.
Example Assessment: You may use the following example to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like but keep in mind that your tool kit will focus on promoting safety with medication administration. Note that you do not have to submit your bibliography in addition to the Google Site; the example bibliography is merely for your reference.

Assessment 4 Example [PDF].
To submit your online tool kit assessment, paste the link to your Google Site in the assessment submission box.

Example Google Site: You may use the example Google Site, Resources for Safety and Improvement Measures in Geropsychiatric Care, to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like for this assessment but keep in mind that your tool kit will focus on promoting safety with medication administration.

Note: If you experience technical or other challenges in completing this assessment, please contact your faculty member.

Additional Requirements
APA formatting: References and citations are formatted according to current APA style